Boe v. Court Adm'R for the Mon. Jud. Branch

• Decision Date: 10 January 2007
• Docket Number: No. 05-678.,05-678.
• Court: Montana Supreme Court
• Parties: Patricia BOE, on behalf of herself and other similarly situated, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. COURT ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE MONTANA JUDICIAL BRANCH OF PERSONNEL PLAN AND POLICIES, an administrative subdivision of the State of Montana, Defendant and Respondent.

Page 927

150 P.3d 927

2007 MT 7

Patricia BOE, on behalf of herself and other similarly situated, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. COURT ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE MONTANA JUDICIAL BRANCH OF PERSONNEL PLAN AND POLICIES, an administrative subdivision of the State of Montana, Defendant and Respondent.

No. 05-678.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted on Briefs June 14, 2006.

Decided January 10, 2007.

For Appellant: Robert L. Stephens, Jr., Southside Law Center, Billings, Montana.

For Respondent: Mike McGrath, Montana Attorney General, John C. Melcher, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana.

Justice PATRICIA O. COTTER delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶ 1 Patricia Boe (Boe), a longtime judicial assistant for the District Court in Billings, appeals the District Court's dismissal of her Complaint challenging various provisions of the Montana Judicial Branch Personnel Plan. The court dismissed Boe's Complaint on the ground that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction. We affirm.

ISSUE

¶ 2 The dispositive issue on appeal is whether the District Court correctly decided it lacked subject matter jurisdiction.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶ 3 In 2001, the Montana Legislature asked the Montana Supreme Court to adopt a plan of personnel administration for employees of the judicial branch. The Judicial Branch Personnel Plan (Plan) had to include provisions addressing classification and pay, recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, training, and promotion. Upon adoption and implementation of the Plan, county judicial employees were transferred to the Montana Judicial Branch thereby becoming State employees. See Senate Bill 176 (2001)(now codified at § 3-1-130, MCA). This transfer was to occur in a manner that preserved all the existing rights and amenities the employees enjoyed as county employees. The Legislature established a deadline for transfer of July 1, 2003.

¶ 4 In May 2005, Boe, a judicial assistant since July 1985 for the District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District in Billings, Yellowstone County, filed a Complaint contesting the validity of the Plan. In particular, she claimed the Plan contained pay inequities and disparities, was arbitrary and capricious and contrary to State policy, and violated her equal protection and due process rights. The State moved to dismiss the Complaint, arguing that the Supreme Court had exclusive jurisdiction over the Plan, and therefore the District Court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. The District Court agreed. Boe appeals the court's dismissal of her Complaint.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶ 5 Whether a court has subject matter jurisdiction is a question of law. We review a district court's conclusions of law to determine whether they are correct. CBM Collections, Inc. v. Ferreira, 2005 MT 170, ¶ 4, 327 Mont. 479, ¶ 4, 115 P.3d 211, ¶ 4.

DISCUSSION

¶ 6 Boe argues that the creation of the position of Court Administrator and a Plan through legislative enactment does not invest an exclusive jurisdictional prerogative in the Supreme Court, but rather creates a separate administrative or executive function, and that the delegation of administrative or executive authority to a political subdivision is not a judicial function; therefore, she argues there is no reservation of exclusive jurisdiction for purposes of challenging the application and administration of that Plan.

¶ 7 The State counters that this issue was resolved by this Court when it previously exercised original jurisdiction to entertain petitions on personnel issues arising from operation of the Plan in In re Petition for Revisions and Adoption of the Montana Judicial Branch Personnel Plan and Policies, No. 03-374 (Mont.2003) and In re Petition for Revision and Adoption of the Montana Judicial Branch Personnel Plan and Policies, No. 04-186 (Mont.2004). Additionally, the State points out that Goetz v. Harrison, 153 Mont. 403, 457 P.2d 911 (1969), supports the proposition that a district court cannot declare an order of this Court invalid.

¶ 8 Relying on the language of S.B. 176, the District Court concluded that Boe was not "merely seek[ing] remedial and equitable relief" from the implementation of the Plan but was seeking invalidation of the Plan and replacement of the Plan with a plan drafted by the District Court. The court ultimately held:

The plain language of the legislation assigns the task of adopting (and implicitly amending) the Plan exclusively to the Montana Supreme Court. The District Court has no authority to revoke and modify the Judicial Branch Personnel Plan. [Boe] would need to petition the Montana Supreme Court directly to possibly obtain the relief she seeks. Thus, [Boe's] Complaint is dismissed, without prejudice.

¶ 9 We agree with the District Court and the State's analysis and authority. In Cause No. 03-374, referenced above, the Clerk of the Supreme Court petitioned the Court, directly, on behalf of himself and four district court judges, to exempt his staff and the confidential staff of the four judges from the provisions of the Plan. We accepted original jurisdiction over the petition, granted it with respect to the Supreme Court Clerk's staff, and denied it without prejudice with respect to the confidential staff of the district court judges because the Clerk did not have standing to petition on behalf of the judges. Notably, while all justices did not agree on whether the Clerk's personnel should be exempt from the Plan (Justices Rice and Warner concurring and dissenting and Chief Justice Gray dissenting), they all agreed that the Court was responsible for the creation and any subsequent modification of the Plan.

¶ 10 Similarly, in Cause No. 04-186, six district court judges asked the Court to revise the Plan "to reiterate, affirm, and recognize" the authority of the judges to hire and retain personal staff. The Petition requested that these confidential staff members be exempt from the Plan. We accepted jurisdiction but denied the Petition on the ground that it was vague and did not recognize the various staffing arrangements in all of the judicial districts. As a result, we appointed a five-member...