Borchers v. McCarter
| Decision Date | 27 March 1979 |
| Docket Number | No. 14323,14323 |
| Citation | 592 P.2d 941,181 Mont. 169 |
| Parties | Charlene L. BORCHERS, Petitioner and Respondent, v. John Raymond McCARTER, Jr., Respondent and Appellant. |
| Court | Montana Supreme Court |
Warden, Walterskirchen & Christiansen, Kalispell, Richard DeJana, argued, Kalispell, for respondent and appellant.
Patrick Springer, County Atty., Kalispell, Russell K. Jones, argued, Deputy County Atty., Kalispell, Robert B. Allison, Kalispell, for petitioner and respondent.
On September 14, 1976, petitioner, Charlene L. Borchers, filed a petition and order in the District Court of the Eleventh Judicial District, Flathead County, pursuant to the provisions of the "Revised Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act (1968)" (URESA), sections 93-2601-41 through 93-2601-82, R.C.M.1947, now sections 40-5-101 through 40-5-142 MCA. On December 13 the District Court ordered that the matter be held in abeyance pending an adjudication of the paternity issue. Respondent, John Raymond McCarter, Jr., was subsequently found to be the natural father of petitioner's daughter following a jury trial commencing March 6, 1978. He appeals.
Petitioner and respondent met in June 1965 while working at a retirement home in the State of Oregon. At the time they met, petitioner was married to Carl Borchers, but they parted in December 1965. Her relationship with respondent then developed rapidly, and she became pregnant. In June 1966, respondent moved to Detroit, Michigan, but continued to correspond with petitioner. On November 1, 1966, petitioner gave birth to a baby girl.
At the time of the birth, petitioner was lawfully married to Carl Borchers. His name appears on the child's birth certificate as the father. Petitioner subsequently obtained a divorce from him on November 30, 1966, having waited until after the baby's birth to facilitate the divorce proceedings.
Over the course of the next several years, petitioner made a number of attempts to obtain child support payments from respondent pursuant to URESA. In 1967, she filed a petition for support in Marion County, Oregon. It was forwarded to Lake County, Montana, but never prosecuted. A second URESA petition was filed in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, and forwarded to Lake County, Montana, in 1969. Again, no action was taken on the petition.
After 1969 petitioner testified that she lost track of respondent for some years. During this time she was remarried, in 1971, and later divorced, in 1973. The next URESA petition was filed in Benton County, Oregon, in 1975, and forwarded to Denver County, Colorado. A little more than a year later a fourth petition was filed in Benton County, Oregon, and forwarded to Boulder County, Colorado. Then, on September 3, 1976, a fifth petition was filed in Benton County, Oregon, and forwarded to Flathead County, Montana. This last petition forms the basis of the instant case.
No evidence was introduced to show that respondent was served with process until 1976. After he had been served in 1976, a hearing was held at which time respondent moved to dismiss the citation and asserted as a defense that he was not the father of the child named in the petition. On December 13, 1976, the Honorable James M. Salansky ordered:
On August 24, 1977, the deputy county attorney for Flathead County filed a "Petition for Determination of Paternity" in the same court and under the same cause number as the action which had previously been held in abeyance. Following a flurry of pretrial motions, the trial began on March 6, 1978, and resulted in a jury verdict finding:
Respondent appeals from this jury verdict, and petitioner has moved to dismiss the appeal as premature. A number of issues are presented for review but we find two issues to be dispositive of this case:
1. Whether the appeal should be dismissed for absence of a final determination from which an appeal may be taken.
2. Whether failure to rebut the presumption that Carl Borchers was the natural father of the child within five years of the child's birth bars a paternity action against a nonpresumed person.
On May 4, 1978, respondent filed his notice of appeal in the District Court. On May 23, petitioner moved this Court to dismiss the appeal on the grounds that ". . . no final, appealable judgment and order of support (had) been entered in this action . . ." The motion was submitted without brief. Respondent argued in opposition to the motion to dismiss that the paternity determination and the support determination are, in effect, separate actions and that the jury verdict in the instant case is an appealable final judgment under Rule 1, M.R.App.Civ.P.
Section 93-2601-67, R.C.M.1947, now section 40-5-128 MCA, provides:
Citing Black's Law Dictionary (Rev. 4th Ed. 1968), the Oregon Supreme Court found an "adjudication" to be " 'the giving or pronouncing a judgment or decree in a cause.' " Vasquez v. Courtney (1975), 272 Or. 477, 537 P.2d 536, 537. See also, Leonard v. Leonard (1965), 88 Idaho 485, 401 P.2d 541, 545; and, State v. Hoffman (1963), 236 Or. 98, 385 P.2d 741, 743-44.
The District Court's order of December 13, 1976, is consistent with this definition in providing "(t)hat Upon judgment being entered in any action for paternity brought by Petitioner against Respondent the Court will again consider the above matter." (Emphasis added.) Therefore, we find that the jury verdict returned March 7, 1978, amounted, in substance, to a final judgment from which an appeal may be taken pursuant to Rule 1, M.R.App.Civ.P.
We are left, then, with the task of determining whether failure to rebut the presumption that Carl Borchers was the natural father of the child within five years of the child's birth should have barred this paternity action against a nonpresumed person. We find that it should have.
In 1950 the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws approved the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act. The Act was subsequently amended in 1952, 1958, and 1968. Montana first adopted URESA in 1951, Ch. 222, Laws of Montana (1951). That act was replaced in 1961 when Montana adopted the 1958 version of URESA, Ch. 208, Laws of Montana (1961). Then, in 1969, Montana adopted the Revised Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act, Ch. 237, Laws of Montana (1969). We note section 93-2601-81, R.C.M.1947, now section 40-5-142 MCA, provides that "(t)his act shall be so construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it."
A number of recent cases, arising in jurisdictions which have not adopted the 1968 revised act, have affirmatively answered the issue of whether URESA, absent the 1968 amendment expressly providing for paternity determination, implicitly authorizes courts to determine paternity. See Greenstreet v. Clark (Iowa 1976), 239 N.W.2d 143; Clarkston v. Bride (1975), 273 Or. 68, 539 P.2d 1094; and, Yetter v. Commeau (1974), 84 Wash.2d 155, 524 P.2d 901. Montana has adopted the clear statutory language of section 27 of the Revised Uniform Act, leaving no question as to whether a court can determine paternity as part of a URESA action in this state, section 93-2601-67, R.C.M.1947, now section 40-5-128 MCA. However, specific procedures for addressing the paternity issue are not set forth in the revised uniform act.
Our legislature has, though, provided a statutory method of determining paternity under the Uniform Parentage Act, section 61-301 et seq., R.C.M.1947, now section 40-6-101 et seq. MCA. When faced with statutes which address the same subject, we "must harmonize (them), if possible, and give effect to each." State ex rel. Irvin v. Anderson (1974), 164 Mont. 513, 524, 525 P.2d 564, 570. "Where statutes relate to the same general subject they should be so construed together, where there is no inconsistency between them, so as to give effect to both where possible." City of Billings v. Smith (1971), 158 Mont. 197, 212, 490 P.2d 221, 230.
The court in Clarkston, supra, noting similar circumstances, stated:
...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Holland v. Holland
...states, the presumption of paternity may be rebutted by different, more or less stringent, evidentiary showings. See Borchers v. McCarter, 592 P.2d 941, 944 (Mont.1979) (preponderance of the evidence); Coleman v. Hudson, 396 So.2d 1024, 1026 (Miss.1981) (beyond a reasonable doubt); Vincent ......
-
State Dept. of Health and Human Resources, Child Advocate Office ex rel. Cline v. Pentasuglia
...required that "since paternity had been put at issue, ... [the court] was obliged to adjudicate the question"); Borchers v. McCarter, 181 Mont. 169, 173, 592 P.2d 941, 944 (1979), abrogated on other grounds in State v. Sasse, 245 Mont. 340, 801 P.2d 598 (1990) (stating "Montana has adopted ......
-
State of Ariz. v. Sasse
...the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Our cases on this point do not appear to be consistent. InBorchers v. McCarter (1979), 181 Mont. 169, 592 P.2d 941, we had a case where the mother of a child with a presumed father (born in wedlock) brought an action for support of......
-
State ex rel. Dept. of Social Services v. Wright
...to the presumption of truthfulness and prima facie case of liability imparted by that statute.5 See also Borchers v. McCarter, 181 Mont. 169, 592 P.2d 941, 944 (1979) (incorporating provisions of Montana's "Uniform Parentage Act" into URESA paternity action).6 Respondent's brief raises the ......