Borden v. State

• Decision Date: 30 July 1981
• Docket Number: No. 58231,58231
• Citation: 402 So.2d 1176
• Parties: Raleigh BORDEN, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
• Court: Florida Supreme Court

Page 1176

402 So.2d 1176

Raleigh BORDEN, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.

No. 58231.

Supreme Court of Florida.

July 30, 1981.

Rehearing Denied Sept. 23, 1981.

Richard L. Jorandby, Public Defender, and Tatjana Ostapoff, Asst. Public Defender, West Palm Beach, for appellant.

Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, and Mark Horn and Paul H. Zacks, Asst. Attys. Gen., West Palm Beach, for appellee.

McDONALD, Justice.

Following a trial in which Raleigh Borden was found guilty of second-degree murder and false imprisonment, the trial judge sentenced Borden to terms of ninety-nine and five years, respectively. Relying on section 947.16(3), Florida Statutes (1979), the trial judge retained jurisdiction over the sentence. ¹ The appellant contended that this statute is unconstitutional, but the trial judge sustained it. We therefore have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(1), Fla.Const. (1972).

Passed in 1978, this statute apparently was a response to rising general criticism that convicted felons were being released on parole too soon. ² The statute permits a review of parole decisions in certain instances and for a certain period of time. In Owens v. State, 316 So.2d 537 (Fla. 1975), this Court recognized the authority of the legislature to set conditions under which parole may be granted. We see no reason to retreat from that position now. The First District Court of Appeal recently addressed the constitutionality of this statute in Arnett v. State, 397 So.2d 330 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981). We agree with that court that section 947.16(3) is constitutional.

Borden, however, is entitled to a new trial because he is a beneficiary of our decision in Tascano v. State, 393 So.2d 540 (Fla. 1980). He specifically requested, and stated his reasons therefor, that the trial judge instruct the jury on the penalties for the crimes for which he was charged. ³ The trial judge refused to do so. In Tascano we held that when a defendant makes a timely request for such an instruction, it is reversible error for the trial judge to omit that instruction. Also, in Tascano we declined to adopt the harmless error rationale of Murray v. State, 378 So.2d 111 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980). Borden has perfected this point on appeal.

The conviction is vacated, and this cause is remanded for a new trial.

It is so ordered.

SUNDBERG, C. J., and OVERTON, J., concur.

ADKINS, Justice, concurs in part and dissents in part: "I would hold § 947.16(3), Fla.Stat. (1979) unconstitutional, but I concur in that portion of the opinion granting a new trial because of the failure to instruct on the penalty."

ALDERMAN, Justice, concurs in part and dissents in part: "I agree that section 947.16(3), Florida Statutes (1979) is constitutional and I would affirm the conviction. For the reasons stated in my dissent in Tascano v. State, 393 So.2d 540 (Fla. 1980) I do not believe that it was reversible error for the trial judge to omit the requested penalty instruction."

ENGLAND, J., dissents with an opinion with which ADKINS and BOYD, JJ., concur.

ENGLAND, Justice, dissenting.

I respectfully disagree with my colleagues with respect to the constitutionality of section 947.16(3), Florida Statutes (1979). In my view, the statute violates article II, section 3 of the Florida Constitution, which declares that a member of one branch of the government shall not exercise powers pertaining to another branch.

There is no dispute that section 947.16(3) accords to members of the judiciary a veto power over a prisoner's release from parole during the first one-third of his sentence. Both before the statute was enacted, in all cases, and after the statute was passed, in cases where the judiciary elects not to interfere, however, the decision to grant parole is vested in an executive branch agency. See Marsh v. Garwood, 65 So.2d 15, 19 (Fla. 1953) (Parole and Probation Commission is "a statutory agency of the executive branch of the government"). This bifurcation of authority between the branches of government offends our organic document.

I am not persuaded by the Court's reliance on Owens v. State, 316 So.2d 537 (Fla. 1975), a decision which I authored, for the proposition that the legislature may set conditions under which parole may be granted. There is a world of difference between conditions upon which parole may be granted a pre-sentencing determination by the legislature which guides the judiciary in the exercise of its judicial function and conditions which govern a prisoner's release from a sentence which he or she has partially served. The latter, obviously, largely depends upon circumstances or facts not relevant to the imposition of sentence. Rather, it looks to other directives and guidelines which govern an executive branch agency in its assigned statutory roles. See §§ 947.13, .165, Fla.Stat. (1979).

I also find unpersuasive the state's argument that trial judges are in the best position to determine a prisoner's eligibility for release from incarceration. The Florida Constitution decrees otherwise in article IV, section 8(c), and the legislature has elected to create an executive branch agency to make the determination which is there authorized. It is wholly beyond our constitutional...