Boyd v. Watts

• Decision Date: 06 May 1986
• Docket Number: No. 218PA85,218PA85
• Citation: 342 S.E.2d 840,316 N.C. 622
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: George Wilbur BOYD and wife, Pearline W. Boyd v. Jessie Edward WATTS.

Page 840

342 S.E.2d 840

316 N.C. 622

George Wilbur BOYD and wife, Pearline W. Boyd v. Jessie Edward WATTS.

No. 218PA85.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

May 6, 1986.

Griggs, Scarbrough & Rogers by James E. Scarbrough, Kannapolis, for plaintiff-appellants.

Larry E. Harris, Kannapolis, for defendant-appellee.

MITCHELL, Justice.

This case arose from an installment land contract initially entered into between Dayvault Enterprises, Inc. [hereinafter "Dayvault"], the vendor, and Jessie E. Watts the defendant-vendee. The plaintiffs, George and Pearline Boyd, are successors in interest to Dayvault. The plaintiffs filed a complaint seeking to quiet title and for a declaratory judgment. The defendant-vendee answered and counterclaimed. At the close of all evidence, the trial court entered judgment dismissing the defendant's counterclaim and granting the plaintiffs' motions for directed verdicts in their favor on their claims.

The defendant-vendee appealed to the Court of Appeals. The Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of the defendant's counterclaim but vacated the judgment in favor of the plaintiffs on their claims against the defendant and remanded the case for further proceedings. For the reasons stated herein, we reverse that part of the decision of the Court of Appeals which vacated the judgment in favor of the plaintiffs on their claims against the defendant and remand the case to the Court of Appeals with instructions that the judgment of the trial court be reinstated.

The record on appeal discloses the following pertinent facts: On 23 December 1979, Dayvault entered into an installment land contract with Jessie E. Watts, the defendant-vendee. The contract provided that the defendant agreed to buy and Dayvault agreed to sell the realty in question for a purchase price of $4,976.48, with $10.00 to be paid upon execution of the contract. The defendant agreed to make monthly payments of $75.00 toward principal and interest on the tenth day of each month, beginning on 10 January 1980, and to pay any balance remaining on 10 November 1984 by one final payment. The defendant-vendee also agreed to pay the taxes on the property and to pay for insurance. The contract also contained, inter alia, the following pertinent provisions:

BUYERS' RIGHT TO USE: So long as this Contract remains in full force and effect, the Buyers shall have the right to live in and use said premises.

DEFAULT: Upon default in the payment of any installment as set out herein, including pro-rated taxes and insurance, and should said default remain for a period of thirty (30) days, then said Sellers may take possession of the premises and expel the Buyers therefrom. In such event, all payments made under the terms of this Contract shall be deemed rental payments and said Sellers shall retain all payments for the rent of said premises.

SELLERS TO RETAIN TITLE: As security for the payment in full of the purchase price, the Sellers shall retain title to the property herein. Upon Buyers' payment in full of the purchase price, taxes and insurance premiums as provided herein, Sellers will execute and deliver to Buyers a Deed in fee simple for said premises, with general warranties and free from encumbrances except usual rights-of-way for utilities and streets, and Restrictive Covenants, if any, for the subject property. Sellers shall have thirty (30) days after the completion of all payments in which to deliver said Deed.

The defendant-vendee made the monthly payments under the contract in January, February and March of 1980. He then moved to Florida leaving the contract in arrears and without making any arrangements for payment of any other amounts. Mary Barnhardt and the plaintiff Pearline Boyd, sisters of the defendant-vendee, thereafter made some payments on the property to Dayvault. Thereafter, the plaintiffs alone began giving money for the monthly payments to Mary Barnhardt who in turn made payments on the property to Dayvault. Dayvault did not act on the default provision in the contract, and in December 1980 the plaintiffs made up all of the arrearages owed under the terms of the contract.

On 23 December 1980, Dayvault conveyed its interest in the property to Harold L. Mills and wife, Audree S. Mills, by a general warranty deed which by its terms was made subject to the contract between Dayvault and the defendant. Dayvault also assigned all its right, title and interest in its contract with the defendant-vendee Watts to the Mills, and the Mills accepted the assignment. The plaintiffs made the payments to the Mills in January and February of 1981 and then ceased making payments.

On 25 May 1981, Harold L. Mills sent a "Notice of Default" to the defendant in care of his sister, Mary Barnhardt, and sent a copy to the defendant's last known address in Florida. Mills also posted a copy of the notice on the property. The notice stated in pertinent part that the defendant Watts had "defaulted in the payment due on April 1, 1981, to Harold L Mills under the assignment to him of your contract with Dayvault Enterprises, Inc....." and that "all payments you have made under your contract with Dayvault Enterprises, Inc. shall be deemed rent, UNLESS you present the payments due under your contract on April 1, May 1 and June 1, 1981 ... on or before June 10, 1981." No payment of these arrearages was ever received.

By a non-warranty deed executed on 12 June 1981 and recorded on 30 June 1981 in Book 597 at page 935, Rowan County Registry, the Mills conveyed their interest in the property to the plaintiffs, George and Pearline Boyd. On 22 June 1981, the Mills executed and the plaintiffs accepted an assignment of all "right, title and interest to and under the contract to sell the property to Jessie E. Watts...." During December 1982, the defendant-vendee Watts refused the plaintiffs' request that he convey any interest he might have in the property to them by a quitclaim deed.

On 4 March 1983, the plaintiffs, George and Pearline Boyd, commenced this action praying that the defendant's rights in the contract "be declared forfeited and cancelled" and that "the plaintiffs' title to the real property ... be quieted." The defendant Watts answered alleging that the plaintiffs acquired title and accepted the assignment of the contract in bad faith and with unclean hands. The defendant also counterclaimed alleging that the plaintiffs' conduct amounted to fraud.

A jury trial was had on all issues. At the close of all the evidence, the trial court entered judgment granting the plaintiffs' motions for directed verdicts in their favor on their claims and dismissing the defendant's counterclaim. The defendant gave notice of appeal to the Court of Appeals.

The Court of Appeals affirmed that part of the trial court's judgment dismissing the defendant's counterclaim but vacated that part of the judgment quieting title in the plaintiffs and declaring the contract "forfeited and cancelled." It remanded the case with instructions that the defendant be given six months to exercise an option to purchase the property.

The plaintiffs' petition to this Court for discretionary review was limited solely to the issue of whether the Court of Appeals was correct in concluding that the trial court erred by entering judgment for the plaintiffs on their claims for quiet title and for a declaratory judgment. Although the defendant argued in his brief in the Court of Appeals that the trial court erred by dismissing his counterclaim, he neither presented nor discussed any such questions in his new brief filed with this Court, and they are deemed abandoned. N.C.App.R. 28(a). Therefore, we leave undisturbed that part of the Court of Appeals' opinion affirming the dismissal of the counterclaim. See Williams v. Williams, 299 N.C. 174, 261 S.E.2d 849 (1980). The issues before this Court concern the effect the defendant's default had on his interest in the property.

An installment land contract is a "[t]ype of contract by which [a] buyer is required to make periodic payments towards [the] purchase price of land and only on the last payment is the seller required to deliver a deed." Black's Law Dictionary 717 (rev. 5th ed. 1979). Such a contract is "[a]lso called a 'contract for deed' or 'long-term land contract.' " Id.

The long-term contract for the sale of land ... is a financing device in addition to being a contract dealing with the necessary details of the sale and purchase.... Although possession of the property remains in the vendor if the long-term contract is silent on the subject, the vast majority of long-term contracts transfer possession...