Bozza v. Burgener
| Decision Date | 11 April 1995 |
| Citation | 280 N.J.Super. 583,656 A.2d 49 |
| Parties | Michael A. BOZZA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Forrest BURGENER and Louise Burgener, Defendants-Respondents and John Doe 1-20 Inclusive (all fictitious persons) and ABC Corp., 1-20 Inclusive (all fictitious entities), Defendants. George HUHN and Debra Huhn, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Forrest BURGENER and Louise Burgener, Defendants-Respondents. |
| Court | New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division |
Gail S. Boertzel, Morristown, for appellant Michael A. Bozza (Stephen S. Weinstein, P.C., attorney; Ms. Boertzel, on the brief).
James D. Muirhead, Hackensack, for appellants George Huhn and Debra Huhn (Stephen S. Weinstein, P.C., Morristown, attorney; Mr. Muirhead, on the brief).
Randi S. Greenberg, Iselin, for respondents Forrest Burgener and Louise Burgener (Robert A. Auerbach, attorney; Ms. Greenberg, of counsel, and on the brief).
No other parties participated in this appeal.
Before Judges KING, MUIR, Jr. and EICHEN.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
EICHEN, J.S.C. (temporarily assigned).
Plaintiffs Michael Bozza (Bozza) and George Huhn (collectively plaintiffs) appeal in these consolidated personal injury actions from a summary judgment in favor of defendants Forrest Burgener and Louise Burgener, his wife (defendants). The cases present issues of landowner liability. Plaintiffs sued defendants for injuries allegedly sustained in an accident on June 27, 1989 while they were attempting to remove a large pane of glass from its frame at residential property owned by defendants.
Plaintiffs were employed by Huhn Burgener Construction Company on the date of the accident. George Huhn's brother, Douglas Huhn, and defendant Forrest Burgener were the principals of the company. The window removal project had been assigned to plaintiffs through Huhn Burgener Construction Company. The job involved removing two panes of glass from their window frames. The window panes were made of untempered glass, one-quarter inch thick, about seven or eight feet high and two-and-a-half feet wide, and were located about seven feet from the ground, just above the front door of the house. The exterior pane of glass was removed without incident by plaintiffs and another worker, Alphonzo Palacio (Palacio), with the assistance of defendant Forrest Burgener. After the first pane was removed, defendant Forrest Burgener left the property, and plaintiffs continued with the work, following the same procedure they had in removing the exterior pane. The glass broke into two pieces as plaintiffs were lowering it to the ground. Witnesses dispute exactly when and how the glass broke, but Palacio said the pane "became stuck on the side of the frame" and as they tried to "wiggle it free" it "snapped in the middle." There is no evidence in the record that the glass was defective.
Plaintiffs claimed they were only carpenters, inexperienced and unskilled in removing glass. The record reflects plaintiffs did not discuss using or use any safety equipment such as tape, suction cups or work gloves in connection with the work. Plaintiffs' expert, Wayne Nolte, concluded in his report that "Mr. Forrest Burgener through his work, should certainly [have] know[n] the potential hazards associated with glass removal and [should have] provide[d] the adequate safety equipment."
Summary judgment was granted in favor of defendants because the judge concluded plaintiffs' proofs failed to establish a basis for holding them liable as landowners. The motion judge pointed out, "everything [defendant Forrest Burgener] might have done wrong as an employer was encompassed through the exclusive remedy of work[ers] compensation court...." We agree and affirm.
We recently reiterated in Kane v. Hartz Mountain Industries, 278 N.J.Super. 129, 140, 650 A.2d 808 (App.Div.1994), the rules governing landowner liability when employees of a contractor are injured on the work site. There we restated the general rule that a "landowner has a non-delegable duty to use reasonable care to protect invitees against known or reasonably discoverable dangers." Ibid. However, we also acknowledged, absent certain exceptions, that a landowner is "not responsible for harm which occur[s] to an employee [of an independent contractor] as a result of the very work which that employee was hired to perform." Ibid. () More recently, in Izzo v. Linpro Co., 278 N.J.Super. 550, 554, 651 A.2d 1047 (App.Div.1995), we reaffirmed the principle "that [i]n the absence of interference by ... [a landowner] in the performance of the independent contractor's work, the duty to insure that the job [is] performed in a safe manner [is] solely that of [the contractor's]." (quoting Wolczak v. National Elect. Products Corp., supra, 66 N.J.Super. at 77, 168 A.2d 412.)
In Meder v. Resorts Int'l. Hotel, 240 N.J.Super. 470, 573 A.2d 922 (App.Div.1989), certif. denied, 121 N.J. 608, 583 A.2d 310 (1990), we held the landowner liable because the owner was also acting as the general contractor and, as such, had failed to provide a safe workplace. We concluded the landowner was responsible for injuries sustained by an employee of a sub-contractor because the landowner had failed to comply with the applicable regulations of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA). Id. at 477, 573 A.2d 922. A similar situation existed in Kane. There, the landowner, Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc., was also the general contractor and, as such, had a non-delegable duty to maintain a safe workplace including compliance with applicable OSHA regulations. 278 N.J.Super. at 142-43, 650 A.2d 808.
Neither Meder nor Kane changed the rules governing landowner liability where the landowner is not the general contractor and no OSHA or other governmental violation is alleged. Thus, we noted in Izzo, supra, that because there was no "OSHA regulation imposing a specific affirmative duty on the property owner" summary judgment was properly granted. 278 N.J.Super. at 556, 651 A.2d 1047.
In this case, the record is clear the contractor was Huhn Burgener Construction Company, not defendant Forrest Burgener. Huhn Burgener Construction Company sent plaintiff to defendants' house to replace the glass pane. The fact that defendant Forrest Burgener happened to be a principal of the general contractor and may have assisted in removing the first pane of glass does not transform his status to one of general contractor even if he knew or should have known plaintiffs were not skilled glaziers. Moreover, assuming safety equipment should have been provided, it was Huhn Burgener Construction Company that failed to provide the equipment, not defendant Forrest Burgener, and based on this record he cannot be faulted for the contractor's omission, if any.
Plaintiffs argue that the facts presented on the summary judgment motion raised the inference that defendant Forrest Burgener had "exclusive control" of the project and that his participation in assisting in the removal of the first glass pane, coupled with his leaving the job before it was completed, are sufficient facts to permit a jury to determine the issue of defendant Forrest Burgener's liability as a landowner. We disagree and conclude as a matter of law based on the evidence submitted on the motion that defendant Forrest Burgener's limited participation in the earlier work, including the fact he left the job to be completed by the other three workers, is not sufficient to create a genuine issue of...
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Mitchell v. Route 21 Associates
...contractor's work, the duty to insure that the job is performed in a safe manner is solely that of the contractor (see, Bozza v. Burgener, 280 N.J.Super. 583, 656 A.2d 49; Izzo v. Linpro Co., 278 N.J.Super. 550, 651 A.2d 1047; Wolczak v. National Elec. Prod. Corp., 66 N.J.Super. 64, 168 A.2......