Brandon Bay v. Payette County

• Decision Date: 21 March 2006
• Docket Number: No. 31910.,31910.
• Parties: BRANDON BAY, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, an Idaho partnership, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. PAYETTE COUNTY, Idaho, and Robert Mackenzie, Payette County Tax Assessor, Defendants-Appellants. Kenmare Trace, Limited Partnership, an Idaho limited partnership, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Payette County, Idaho and Robert Mackenzie, Payette County Tax Assessor, Defendants-Appellants.
• Court: Idaho Supreme Court

132 P.3d 438

142 Idaho 681

BRANDON BAY, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, an Idaho partnership, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. PAYETTE COUNTY, Idaho, and Robert Mackenzie, Payette County Tax Assessor, Defendants-Appellants.

Kenmare Trace, Limited Partnership, an Idaho limited partnership, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Payette County, Idaho and Robert Mackenzie, Payette County Tax Assessor, Defendants-Appellants.

No. 31910.

Supreme Court of Idaho, Boise, February 2006 Term.

March 21, 2006.

Valencia J. Bilyeu, Boise, for appellants.

Penland, Munther & Goodrum, Chtd., Boise, for respondent. Forrest R. Goodrum argued.

TROUT, Justice.

This dispute centers on the real property valuations of Brandon Bay and Kenmare Trace, two low-income apartment developments located in Payette County, operating under the provisions of the federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program (LIHTC). The principal issue in this case is whether the tax credits allocated under the LIHTC should be included in the real property assessment of the apartments for taxation purposes. Appellants Payette County and Robert Mackenzie, the Payette County Assessor, (collectively, Payette) are before this Court on a permissive interlocutory appeal from a district court decision granting partial summary judgment to Brandon Bay, LP and Kenmare Trace, LP (collectively, Partnerships), the owners of the apartment complexes, concluding the tax credits cannot be considered when valuing the real property.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

The Partnerships each entered into an agreement with the Idaho Housing and Finance Association (IHFA), pursuant to § 42 of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 42), to develop low-income apartment complexes in Payette County. Pursuant to the agreements, a designated portion of the apartment complexes may only be rented to low-income persons who pay a reduced rental rate. In exchange for investing in the low-income housing, the Partnerships are allocated an annual tax credit against federal income tax liability for a period of ten years. The Partnerships claim these tax credits on their limited partnership's tax returns and may apply the credits to tax liability unrelated to the low-income housing projects for which the credits were awarded.

In assessing the low-income apartment complexes for ad valorem tax purposes, Payette considered both the reduced rental payments as well as the value of the tax credits allocated to each property. The Partnerships objected, arguing that although the reduced rents should be considered, the tax credits should not be included in the valuation of the real property. The Board of Tax Appeals disagreed with the Partnerships, affirming Payette's decision to utilize the § 42 tax credits in assessing the apartment complexes. The Partnerships then appealed to the district court, this time arguing the tax credits were simply a contract right and, therefore, were specifically excluded by statute from consideration in assessing the low-income housing. The district court granted the Partnerships' motion for partial summary judgment, agreeing the tax credits were a contract right and therefore excluded from consideration in the assessment. Payette was then granted permission to file this interlocutory appeal.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Idaho Code § 63-3812(c) provides:

Appeals [from the board of tax appeals] may be based upon any issue presented by the appellant to the board of tax appeals and shall be heard and determined by the court without a jury in a trial de novo on the issues in the same manner as though it were an original proceeding in that court.

When this Court reviews a district court decision after the district court has conducted a trial de novo pursuant to I.C. § 63-3812(c), this Court will not review the record independently of the district court's appellate decision. Ada County Bd. of Equalization v. Highlands, Inc., 141 Idaho 202, 108 P.3d 349 (2005).

In an appeal from an order granting summary judgment, this Court's standard of review is the same as the standard used by the district court in ruling on a motion for summary judgment. Thomson v. Idaho Ins. Agency, Inc., 126 Idaho 527, 887 P.2d 1034 (1994). Summary judgment is appropriate if "the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Id. at 529, 887 P.2d at 1036.

"The determination of the meaning of a statute and its application is a matter of law over which this [C]ourt exercises free review." Woodburn v. Manco Prods., Inc., 137 Idaho 502, 504, 50 P.3d 997, 999 (2002). "Where the language of the statute is clear and unambiguous, legislative history and other extrinsic evidence should not be consulted for the purpose of altering the clearly expressed intent of the legislature." State v. Hart, 135 Idaho 827, 829, 25 P.3d 850, 852 (2001). Administrative rules are subject to the same principles of statutory construction as statutes. Mason v. Donnelly Club, 135 Idaho 581, 21 P.3d 903 (2001).

III. ANALYSIS

A. Valuation of real property

The Partnerships claim, and the district court agreed, that the § 42 tax credits fall under the definition of "contract rights," a type of exempt "intangible personal property," which IDAPA 35.01.03.615.02 expressly excludes from consideration in the valuation of real property. "Contracts and contract rights" are defined by the Idaho Tax Commission as "enforceable agreements, which establish mutual rights and responsibilities, and rights created under such agreements." IDAPA 35.01.03.615.01(a) (emphasis added). Under the plain language of the rule, a contract right by definition, must be created under the contract.

The State, however, has no power to create a federal tax credit and, therefore, such a credit cannot be created by a contract between a State agency and the taxpayer. The authority for creating and imposing federal taxes is vested in Congress. The tax credits are created by Congress in § 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. While it is necessary for IHFA and the developer to enter into a written agreement setting forth the low-income housing requirements and the allocation of the tax credits, this agreement does not create the credits. Instead, it is simply the vehicle through which the developer is able to claim the credits on a federal tax return. § 42 tax credits are not a contract right exempt from consideration in the valuation of real property.

The tax credits are better characterized as "rights and privileges" belonging to the land under the definition of "real property" in I.C. § 63-201(18), as they do not exist separate from an ownership right in the low-income housing. For example, if the developer originally qualifying for the tax credits sells the property, the purchaser assumes the tax position of the seller: "a purchaser of credit-worthy property steps into the seller's shoes with respect to the unused credits." 26...