Briggs v. Peebles
| Citation | 188 S.W.2d 147 |
| Decision Date | 09 May 1945 |
| Docket Number | No. A-504.,A-504. |
| Parties | BRIGGS et al. v. PEEBLES et al. |
| Court | Supreme Court of Texas |
Smith & Eplen and Frank E. Smith, all of Abilene, for plaintiff in error.
E. T. Brooks, of Abilene, and Turner & Seaberry and Virgil T. Seaberry, all of Eastland, for defendants in error.
This suit was brought by Mrs. Duncan Browning Briggs, a widow, and M. P. Browning against Mary Browning Peebles and others, to construe a holographic will of G. L. Browning that had been probated. They claimed that under the terms of the will they were entitled to all of the property left by testator at the time of his death. The trial court entered judgment in favor of plaintiffs, and defendants appealed to the Court of Civil Appeals. That court reversed the judgment of the trial court. 184 S.W.2d 706.
The controlling facts are as follows:
On March 8, 1927, G. L. Browning, a bachelor, having two brothers and three sisters living and three sisters and one brother dead, with only one living descendant of any of the deceased brothers and sisters, made his holographic will, the material part of which is here quoted:
"In case of my death what property I possess is to be divided equally between my Brothers & Sisters If they are living If not my nearest Relatives their children."
On January 1, 1931, he added a holographic codicil to his will, reading in part as follows:
"I would like to will Buckners Orphan Home of Dallas $500.00 Also Orphan Home of Amarillo if my heirs can spare the money If they are in need I want them to have it."
Testator died April 27, 1943, and the will was duly probated. After the execution of the will, and prior to testator's death, two of his brothers and one of his sisters died. His brother A. C. Browning died March 27, 1942, and left no surviving children. Another brother, Dr. Walter M. Browning, died February 5, 1943. He left only one surviving child, Mary Peebles, who survived testator. The sister, Sue Browning Steele, died November 11, 1935, leaving five surviving children. Four of these children, Fay Dell Steele, Adrienne Steele Clark, Joe Steele, and May Merkele Dickey, survived testator, but one daughter, Sue Beth Weakley, predeceased testator, having died November 11, 1942, leaving surviving her and surviving testator her children, Keith Weakley, Betty Joan Weakley, and Barbara Jane Weakley.
Mrs. Duncan Browning Briggs and M. P. Browning are the only sister and brother who survived the testator. Mrs. Briggs is the duly qualified executrix of testator's estate with the will annexed. Mrs. Briggs and M. P. Browning claim to be the sole devisees and legatees under the will, and that they are entitled to take all of the property left by testator, and they brought this suit to have the will so construed. The plaintiffs and defendants to this suit are the same persons described as the survivors set out in the above statement.
The trial court held that the surviving brother and sister were the sole beneficiaries under said will. The Court of Civil Appeals held that testator meant by his will: First, that his estate should be divided into as many parts as he had brothers and sisters living at the date of said will (which were five); second, that one such part should go to each surviving brother and sister; third, that the part that would have gone to the brother and sister who predeceased testator and left children, passed according to the law of descent and distribution; and fourth, that the part that would have gone to the brother who predeceased testator without issue should be treated as if the testator had died intestate, and should be inherited accordingly.
Testator was an uneducated man. He was a shrewd business man, and amassed a large estate. The record shows that he was proud of his family history and that he was fond of his brothers and sisters and their children. He lived to a ripe old age.
Petitioners contend that the meaning of the portion of the will quoted above is better expressed in the following language, as conveying the intention of the testator:
"In case of my death what property I possess is to be divided Equally between my Brothers & Sisters if at my death my brothers and sisters are living; if at my death none of my brothers and sisters are living, then to my nearest relatives, the children of my brothers and sisters."
Respondents contend that the meaning of that portion of the will of testator would be clear if he had used the following language:
The precise question presented here for decision is, To whom did testator intend to give his property? If testator's intention can be ascertained from the will itself, such intention must be given effect. From the informal language used by testator it is quite obvious that he did not have legal advice in drawing his will. In making a will certain formalities are not essential as required in executing a deed. More latitude is permitted courts in the construction of a will to ascertain the testator's intention than in the construction of a deed. Calvery v. Calvery, 122 Tex. 204, 55 S.W.2d 527; Lambert's Lessee v. Paine, 3 Cranch 97, 138, 2 L.Ed. 377, 391; 4 Kent Com., 216; Andrews v. Spurlin, 35 Ind. 262; Williams, Real Property (5th Ed.), 212; Brockschmidt v. Archer, 64 Ohio St. 502, 60 N.E. 623. For an exhaustive annotation of authorities on this point, see 29 L.R.A.,N.S., 1038.
Now let us consider what the testator had in mind when he made the will under consideration. He evidently knew best how he wanted his property divided. When we consider all the facts and circumstances in connection with the making of this will, and the language used therein, it is quite plain that the testator did not intend that his property should be given to his brothers and sisters as a class.
The record shows that testator was on friendly terms with all of his brothers and sisters living at the time he made his will, and that their number was certain, there being five of them. The words "Brothers & Sisters" meant the brothers and sisters living at the time he made the will. All seem to agree that this language means that if the brothers and sisters of testator living at the time the will was executed were living at the time of testator's death, all the property left by him would be equally divided among them. There was no uncertainty about the number of his brothers and sisters living at the time he made the will. His mother and father were both dead, and it was impossible for him to have more than five brothers and sisters. When the language used in the will is construed in connection with all the facts and circumstances surrounding the making of such will, we think the testator intended to give to his brothers and sisters then living all of his property, to be equally divided among them. If at the time of his death any of his brothers and sisters had died since he made the will, in that event their children, if any, should receive the share given under the will to their mother or father, as the case might be. The dominant factor running through all the rules announced or discussed relating to this question is that the intent of the testator, as derived from the language used in the entire instrument,...
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