Broker House Intern., Ltd. v. Bendelow

• Decision Date: 22 January 1998
• Docket Number: No. 96CA2039,96CA2039
• Citation: 952 P.2d 860
• Parties: 98 CJ C.A.R. 348 BROKER HOUSE INTERNATIONAL, LTD., a Colorado corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Edward M. BENDELOW and Bendelow and Darling, P.C., a Colorado professional corporation, Defendants-Appellees, . I
• Court: Colorado Court of Appeals

Page 860

952 P.2d 860

98 CJ C.A.R. 348

BROKER HOUSE INTERNATIONAL, LTD., a Colorado corporation Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Edward M. BENDELOW and Bendelow and Darling, P.C., a Colorado professional corporation, Defendants-Appellees,

No. 96CA2039.

Colorado Court of Appeals Div. I.

Jan. 22, 1998.

Royce E. Tolley, Denver, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Kennedy & Christopher, P.C., Daniel R. McCune, John R. Mann, Denver, for Defendants-Appellees.

Opinion by Judge PLANK.

In this legal malpractice action, plaintiff, Broker House International, Ltd, appeals the summary judgment granted by the trial court in favor of defendants, Edward M Bendelow and Bendelow & Darling, P.C. We affirm.

This case arises from defendants' legal representation of plaintiff in an underlying lawsuit. Through counsel, the parties in that case entered into a written stipulation which resulted in the dismissal of most of plaintiff's claims. Plaintiff's remaining claims were stayed pending appeal of the judgment of dismissal.

Plaintiff's counsel, defendant Edward Bendelow, testified in the underlying action that he did not intend the stipulation to have such a result. The trial court rejected plaintiff's request to withdraw, revoke, or cancel the stipulation. On appeal, the trial court's judgment was affirmed. Broker House International, Inc. v. St. James Place Condominiums & Co., (Colo.App. No. 94CA0518, November 9, 1995)(not selected for official publication).

Thereafter, claiming that defendants' actions resulted in the February 28, 1994, dismissal of their underlying claims, plaintiffs submitted a complaint for malpractice on February 27, 1996. With the complaint, plaintiff's counsel submitted a check for both the docket fee and the jury fee.

When notified that the check had been returned because of insufficient funds, plaintiff paid the docket fee in cash on April 15, 1996. Plaintiff did not petition to waive such fees by appearing in forma pauperis. Thereafter, defendants moved for summary judgment.

The trial court found that plaintiff's cause of action for legal malpractice was premised upon alleged negligent conduct occurring on or before March 1, 1994, that the two-year statute of limitations period specified in § 13-80-102(1)(a), C.R.S.1997, therefore expired on March 1, 1996, and that plaintiff did not file this action until payment of its docket fee on April 15, 1996, which was after the statute of limitations had expired. Hence, it entered the judgment at issue.

I.

Plaintiff first argues that this action was commenced within the applicable limitations period because it was filed when its complaint was accepted by the court, not when the check for docket fees was made good by cash payment. We disagree.

As relevant here, a civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court. C.R.C.P. 3(a)(1). The court shall have jurisdiction from the filing of the complaint. C.R.C.P. 3(b)(1). However, in all civil actions, the total docket fees must be paid at the time of first appearance, which is when the complaint is filed. See section 13-32-101(1), C.R.S.1997. A plaintiff filing a complaint in district court must pay a docket fee of ninety dollars. Section 13-32-101(1)(d), C.R.S.1997.

Section 13-16-103, C.R.S.1997, provides that if a court is satisfied that a litigant is unable to pay the costs and expenses of a civil action, it may grant a petition to prosecute or defend an action without payment of costs. Walcott v. District Court, 924 P.2d 163 (Colo.1996).

Plaintiff correctly points out that court rules do not require that docket fees be paid in cash or certified funds. See Tassian v. People, 731 P.2d 672 (Colo.1987) (district court's refusal to accept personal checks from pro se litigants violated equal protection). However, we are not aware of any Colorado authority which specifically addresses when a complaint, tendered with a check subsequently returned because of insufficient funds but made good with cash, is deemed to be "filed" with the court for purposes of the statute of limitations.

Defendants cite numerous authorities from other jurisdictions which hold that the filing of an action without proper payment of fees does not toll the running of the statute of limitations. See Jarrett v. U.S. Sprint Communications Co., 22 F.3d 256 (10th Cir.1994); Robinson v. America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses, 876 F.2d 596 (7th Cir.1989); De-Gas, Inc. v. Midland Resources, 470 So.2d 1218 (Ala.1985).

In Colorado, a case cannot proceed to a determination of the issues without payment of the docket fee. Carls Construction, Inc. v. Gigliotti, 40 Colo.App. 535, 577 P.2d 1107 (1978). The statute of limitations continues to run until all prerequisites for filing a case are met. See Western Electrical Co. v. Pickett, 51 Colo. 415, 118 P. 988 (1911) (prior to filing suit, nonresident corporate plaintiffs must pay the fee required to conduct business in Colorado).

However, at least under circumstances in which an inmate challenging the denial of his parole acted promptly to correct his failure to include supporting records required by statute, the granting of an amended motion to proceed in forma pauperis has been held to relate back to the date of the original motion. Fraser v. Colorado Board of Parole, 931 P.2d 560 (Colo.App.1996).

Upon consideration of these authorities, we hold that, if a complaint submitted to the court clerk is accompanied by an insufficient funds check, then it is not "filed" with the court for purposes of the statute of limitations. Thus, we agree with the trial court in this case that plaintiff's complaint was not filed for purposes of the statute of limitations until the filing fee was paid on April 15, 1996.

II.

Plaintiff argues that its cause of action for legal malpractice did not accrue until the appeal of the underlying action was resolved. We disagree.

Plaintiff concedes that it initially learned of defendants' acts that might lead to malpractice at a February 28, 1994, hearing which was held in the underlying litigation. There, defendants admitted they might have committed malpractice.

However, plaintiff claims that it was not aware of any damages incurred as a result of that malpractice until March 13, 1996, when the mandate was issued in the underlying appeal. Plaintiff also argues that it did not incur legal fees until after April 15, 1994.

To establish a prima facie case of legal malpractice, a client must show that the attorney breached a duty of care owed to the client and that the client suffered damages as a result of the breach. Fleming v. Lentz, Evans, & King, P.C., 873 P.2d 38 (Colo.App.1994).

The statute of limitations for a legal malpractice action commences running at the time the client discovers, or through use of reasonable diligence should have discovered, the negligent act of the attorney. Such a determination is normally a question of fact. The focus is on a plaintiff's knowledge of...