Brown v. Caterpillar Tractor Co.
| Decision Date | 22 June 1981 |
| Docket Number | Civ. A. No. 80-1147. |
| Citation | 554 F. Supp. 1269 |
| Parties | Robert Allen BROWN and Lola V. Brown, his wife, Plaintiffs, v. CATERPILLAR TRACTOR COMPANY, Defendant. |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Eastern District of Pennsylvania |
Tarasi & Tighe, Pittsburgh, Pa., for plaintiffs.
Robert S. Grigsby, Thomson, Rhodes & Grigsby, Pittsburgh, Pa., for defendant.
This matter comes before the court on the defendant's motion for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 56, Fed.R.Civ.P. The motion for summary judgment is submitted on the pleadings, depositions, interrogatories and answers thereto, requests for admissions and responses thereto, exhibits, and briefs submitted by the respective parties.
The circumstances involved in this products liability action arose on August 20, 1978 at or around the campus of Washington and Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania. The plaintiff, Robert Brown, was a member of the United States Army Reserves at the time of the accident. Plaintiff was being trained to operate a tractor-bulldozer manufactured by defendant as part of his duties in the Army reserves. Plaintiff was in a position to observe the operation of the tractor while seated in a passenger or training seat located forward and to the right of the operator's seat.
The tractor-bulldozer was being operated by Sergeant James Baird in clearing a parcel of land and training the plaintiff. The material being cleared included, dirt, bushes and trees which were being pushed into a pile. As one of the trees was being pushed onto the pile, it came over the blade and over the top of the tractor and struck plaintiff and the driver, Sergeant James Baird.
The tractor-bulldozer was manufactured by the defendant, Caterpillar Tractor Company, and sold to the United States government through the Department of the Army pursuant to a contract designated as DAAKO1-67-1364.1
The bulldozer was manufactured in accordance to military specification.2 It was sold to the United States on or about January 10, 1968, during the Vietnam conflict.
The plaintiff has alleged three traditional theories of liability in a products action: (1) negligence; (2) strict liability under Restatement of Torts 2nd § 402A; and (3) breach of express and implied warranties. Basically, the plaintiff has alleged the bulldozer was defective in that it was not equipped with an overhead protective canopy or other device or structure over or around the driver's seat and defendant failed to provide warnings on the safe care and operation of the tractor without a canopy.
Defendant maintains it cannot be held liable since it manufactured for the Department of the Army a vehicle built in strict compliance with government specification. Defendant further contends and asserts as a defense that the tractor-bulldozer was not defective in design or otherwise as a matter of law.
A federal court will grant summary judgment only if the pleadings, depositions, interrogatories and answers thereto, requests for admissions and responses thereto and briefs submitted "show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law," Rule 56, Fed.R. Civ.P.
In considering a motion for summary judgment, a court must view the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Goclowski v. Penn Cent. Transp. Co., 571 F.2d 747, 751 (3rd Cir.1977); Braden v. University of Pittsburgh, 552 F.2d 948, 955 (3rd Cir.1977); C. Wright and A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 2725, 2727 (1973). The moving party has the burden of establishing that no genuine issue of fact exists. Scooper Dooper, Inc. v. Kraftco Corp., 494 F.2d 840, 848 (3rd Cir. 1974) citing Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157, 90 S.Ct. 1598, 26 L.Ed.2d 142 (1970) and United States ex rel. Jones v. Rundle, 453 F.2d 147, 150 (3rd Cir.1971):
The plaintiff contends that the Caterpillar tractor was defective in that the tractor lacked a canopy, roll-over protective structure (ROPS), or other instrumentality which could have guarded the occupants of the tractor cab area.3 Plaintiff further asserts that the contract documents are silent as to the requirement of a canopy or other protective device. However, a review of the voluminous contract and military specifications provided by the Army to defendant reveals that the documents are not silent on the critical issue of a canopy. On the contrary, under the heading "Article 2 Additional Modifications to Military Specification MIL-T-52270A DATED 7 November 1966" under Test Method No. 37 it is stated under "Test Procedure," "(a) Mount the Government-Loaned canopy and engine guards." We think this language appearing in the contract documents is specific and significant. The language quoted indicates a desire by the Army, the draftsman of the specifications, to provide certain procedures for testing the tractor-dozer. Said procedures include a provision whereby the Army will supply a "Government-Loaned canopy" for the test procedure.
Indeed, the contract is not silent on the need for a protective device as the plaintiff contends. On the other hand, the specifications which are highly detailed in their terms show an intent on the part of the Army that a canopy would be provided to the manufacturer, Caterpillar. Although Caterpillar is an expert in the design of the...
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Brown v. Caterpillar Tractor Co.
...was insulated from liability by the "government contractor defense" because it had built the bulldozer to government specifications. 554 F.Supp. 1269. On appeal from summary judgment, however, this court concluded that there were genuine issues of material fact bearing on both issues and, a......