Brown v. Metropolitan Transit Authority

• Decision Date: 02 February 1961
• Citation: 341 Mass. 690,171 N.E.2d 869
• Parties: Emma M. BROWN v. METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 869

171 N.E.2d 869

341 Mass. 690

Emma M. BROWN v. METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued Nov. 7, 1960.

Decided Feb. 2, 1961.

Lovell S. Spaulding, Jr., Boston, for plaintiff.

James C. Roy, Boston, for defendant.

Before WILKINS, C. J., and SPALDING, WILLIAMS, WHITTEMORE and CUTTER, JJ.

WILKINS, Chief Justice.

In this action of tort for personal injuries received on January 13, 1956, in the defendant's Dudley Street station there was a verdict for the plaintiff on each of two counts. The first count alleged that the plaintiff was a passenger in the defendant's bus and was hurt because of the defendant's negligence in its operation. The second count alleged that the defendant negligently permitted the station and premises to become defective and unsafe, and was negligent in their maintenance, whereby the plaintiff was hurt. An amendment to each count alleged that due and proper notice of her injury was 'made' by the plaintiff and received by the defendant.

The case was referred to an auditor whose findings were not to be final. He found that no notice was given under G.L. c. 84, § 14. This is an obvious error for § 21. He further stated that if on his findings such notice was required as a condition precedent to maintaining an action, he found for the defendant; but that if such notice was not required, he found for the plaintiff in the sum of $3,000.

At the jury trial the plaintiff's counsel in his opening statement read the auditor's report, but neither counsel offered it in evidence. The judge referred to the report in his charge, and later, subject to the defendant's exception, directed that the report be given to the jury for consideration during their deliberation. Other exceptions are to the denial of the defendant's motion for a directed verdict and to the charge.

1. The procedure as to the auditor's report was irregular. The failure to introduce in evidence after reading it during the opening statement was undoubtedly due to oversight. Had it been formally offered, there would have been an opportunity to rule upon the alternative findings relative to the question of notice. G.L. (Ter.Ed.) c. 221, § 56. See Papetti v. Alicandro, 317 Mass. 382, 390, 58 N.E.2d 155. The question of notice will be discussed on an exception to the charge.

The judge could earlier have required the report to be put in evidence. See Clark v. Fletcher, 1 Allen 53, 55-56; Briggs v. Gilman, 127 Mass. 530, 531; Quincy Trust Co. v. Taylor, 317 Mass. 195, 199, 57 N.E.2d 573. The defendant did not ask to present further evidence. Apparently the ground of its complaint is that the report was given to the jury at some time after the completion of the arguments. If the defendant's counsel desired to make a further argument, he should have brought such a request expressly to the attention of the judge. In any event, no harm is apparent. The jury had already heard it. This exception is overruled. The motion for a directed verdict is to be considered with the auditor's report treated as part of the evidence.

2. The crux of the plaintiff's case, both under the first count for negligent operation of the bus and under the second count for negligent maintenance of the station, is the condition of a manhole cover at the point where the plaintiff was directed to alight. Her injuries may have been caused in part by snow and ice, and if they were, there is a question as to the validity of a notice.

Findings of the auditor are these. The bus arrived at the station about 5:15 p. m. It was the 'rush hour.' There were a number of other passengers. The plaintiff was seated in about the middle of the bus which 'pulled in' and came to a full stop on the lower level at the Warren Street end. The operator caused the doors at the front and rear to open, and all the passengers except the plaintiff alighted. She was holding onto bars or handles at the front door, which was open, when a starter directed the operator to move forward. The operator complied. After moving an unstated distance, he said, 'Madam, you may leave now.'

At this moment the bus must be taken to have been brought to a stop. The plaintiff testified that the bus was not moving forward, 'it was just shaking.' The auditor stated that he was unable to find whether the bus had come to a full stop, but that the bus was still 'quivering' and 'jittery like.'

Other findings of the auditor are the following. The plaintiff stepped on a manhole cover, adjacent to the step, and slipped. She made an effort to right herself, and slipped again and fell 'sprawled' on the cover. When she stepped off the bus she did not see the cover, which was 'worn smooth; it was shiny and wet; there was also a film of ice' on it. Rain had been falling during the day. It was very cold. The lower level surface of bituminous macadam was wet with slush, a mixture of water and ice.

The plaintiff testified that at the time she got off the bus she first placed her left foot on the cover; that her left foot slipped on the cover; and that she attempted to brace or save herself after partially going down and then her right foot slipped on the cover. She also testified that in answer to an interrogatory she had said: 'I was alighting from the bus in which I was a passenger. The bus driver discharged me over a smooth, worn, icy, wet manhole cover that was directly in my path as I stepped down and I slipped on that manhole cover and fell to the ground.' Two police officers were called by the plaintiff. One testified that it was a 'slushy day'; that there was ice on the streets; that all around the cover it was icy and slushy; but that the cover itself was wet and free from ice. The other officer testified that the day was 'very, very cold'; and that the cover looked shiny as if there was a glare of ice on it.

There was an obligation on the defendant as a carrier to stop its bus at a safe place for passengers to alight or to give warning of danger in alighting. Wakeley v. Boston Elevated Ry. Co., 217 Mass. 488, 490, 105 N.E. 436; McManus v. Boston Elevated Ry. Co., 262 Mass. 519, 521-522, 160 N.E. 529. See Coyne v. Town of Arlington, 327 Mass. 233, 235, 97 N.E.2d 739. We think that there was a case for the jury on count 1. They could find that the worn manhole cover when wet was dangerous to descend upon from the step of a bus (see Muldoon v. Fuller, Mass., 169 N.E.2d 908; ¹ Murray v. Donelan, 333 Mass. 228, 129 N.E.2d 922), and that in the circumstances it was negligent to direct the plaintiff to alight on or near it.

Our present duty does not involve any analysis of the evidence with respect to count 2. The plaintiff's brief contains this statement: 'This count which is a variation of the plaintiff's cause of action assumes that the plaintiff's passenger status had terminated at the time of her fall and depends upon evidence showing negligent maintenance of the station premises.' See, for example, Klein v. Boston Elevated Ry. Co., 293 Mass. 238, 240, 200 N.E. 6. It is entirely clear that the...