Brown v. St. Paul Mercury Ins. Co., 87-38

• Decision Date: 06 July 1987
• Docket Number: No. 87-38,87-38
• Parties: Glenda BROWN, Sam Brown, Tawana Brown Etue, Teresa Brown and Troy Brown, Surviving Spouse and Next of Kin of Roy Dewayne Brown, Deceased, Appellants, v. ST. PAUL MERCURY INSURANCE CO., Appellee.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 130

732 S.W.2d 130

292 Ark. 558

Glenda BROWN, Sam Brown, Tawana Brown Etue, Teresa Brown and Troy Brown, Surviving Spouse and Next of Kin of Roy Dewayne Brown, Deceased, Appellants, v. ST. PAUL MERCURY INSURANCE CO., Appellee.

No. 87-38.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

July 6, 1987.

Gibson & Hashem by Hani W. Hashem, Monticello, for appellants.

Bridges, Young, Matthews, Holmes & Drake by R.T. Beard, III, Pine Bluff, for appellee.

HOLT, Chief Justice.

Roy Dewayne Brown was a patient at the White House Alcoholism Treatment Center when he walked out of an unlocked door onto the roof of the building and either fell or jumped to his death on April 11, 1983. Nearly three years later, his surviving spouse and other next of kin, appellants, filed suit against the center's insurer, St. Paul Mercury Insurance Co., appellee. The trial court found that Brown's death was a "medical injury" subject to the two-year statute of limitations in Ark.Stat.Ann. § 34-2616 (Supp.1985), and granted appellee's motion for summary judgment. We hold that the complaint was timely filed as an action for wrongful death, which carries a three-year statute of limitations. Ark.Stat.Ann. § 27-907 (Supp.1985). Accordingly, we reverse and remand.

The trial court concluded that the two-year limitation for actions for medical injury barred the appellants' claim, based on the definition of medical injury in Ark.Stat.Ann. § 34-2613(C) (Supp.1985), which provides in pertinent part that medical injury "means any adverse consequences arising out of or sustained in the course of the professional services being rendered by a medical care provider, whether resulting from negligence, error or omission in the performance of such services, ..."

The appellants argue that Brown's death was not the result of a medical injury, but was caused by the treatment center's failure to keep the premises safe for a patient in Brown's condition. In addition, the appellants contend that even if Brown's death was the result of a medical injury as defined in our statute, the cause of action by his survivors should be classified as a wrongful death action with its accompanying three-year limitation. We find that Brown's death was a medical injury, agreeing however, that his survivors are given the benefit of the three-year statute of limitations under our wrongful death statutes.

Appellants' claim that Brown's death was not the result of a "medical injury" does not square with this court's position in Sexton v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co., 275 Ark. 361, 631 S.W.2d 270 (1982). In that case, an 81-year old, mentally confused patient fell at a hospital, and died several months later from the injuries he sustained in the fall. His survivors alleged that a nurse at the hospital was negligent in not restraining the patient with a Posey vest, which had been authorized by the patient's doctor. We found that the action was for medical injuries arising out of the professional services provided by the hospital, and held:

A hospital is required to consider the patient's capacity to care for himself and to protect the patient from dangers created by his weakened condition. Providing a safe environment for patients is within the scope of the professional services by a hospital. Murillo v. Good Samaritan Hospital of Anaheim, 99 Cal.App.3d 50, 160 Cal.Rptr. 33 (1979).

In the case before us, Brown's death was alleged to be the result of negligence on the part of the treatment center in failing to properly supervise and restrain the activities of the deceased, and in failing to provide a safe place for treatment of Brown, who was known to be suffering from delirium tremens and mental disturbances associated with alcoholism. Certainly it was within the scope of the hospital's professional services to provide a safe environment for this patient under the circumstances, and failure to do so gives rise to a medical injury under § 34-2616(C).

Even though Brown's death is properly characterized as a medical injury, we find that appellants' claim is founded on our wrongful death statutes and that its three-year statute of limitation applies. Ark.Stat.Ann. §§ 27-906, 27-907. In addressing this issue, both parties cite out-of-state decisions in support of their relative positions as to whether the wrongful death statutes create a new and separate cause of action which carries its own statute of limitations.

Although these cases are instructive, we stand fast on our ruling in Matthews v. Travelers Indemnity Ins. Co., 245 Ark. 247, 432 S.W.2d 485 (1968), where we held that the wrongful death statute and its specific limitations should apply.

In Matthews, tumorous tissue removed from Mrs. Matthews was wrongly diagnosed as noncancerous. When Mrs. Matthews' condition worsened, her doctor ordered a re-examination of the tissue and it was discovered she had a malignancy. More than two years after the allegedly negligent diagnosis, but less than three years after Mrs. Matthews' death, Mr. Matthews, as administrator of his wife's estate, brought an action against the testing laboratory's insurer. The complaint sought compensation for the physical and mental anguish suffered by Mrs. Matthews before her death, and for Mr. Matthews' loss of consortium and mental anguish. The trial court dismissed the entire action, applying the two-year statute of limitations then governing medical malpractice, which provided that the date of the accrual of the cause of action shall be "the date of the wrongful act complained of, and no other time." Ark.Stat.Ann. § 37-205 (Repl.1962). Matthews argued that the three-year wrongful death statute should have been applied. We said:

In our opinion each statute is partly controlling. It is essential to recognize that two separate causes of action are being asserted by the appellant in his capacity as administrator of his deceased wife's estate. The complaint seeks in part to recover compensation for the physical and mental anguish suffered by Mrs. Matthews before her death. At common law that cause of action would not...