Brown v. State

• Decision Date: 10 February 2022
• Docket Number: 2020-KA-01366-SCT
• Citation: 332 So.3d 1287
• Parties: Damian Ladell BROWN v. STATE of Mississippi
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

332 So.3d 1287

Damian Ladell BROWN

v.STATE of Mississippi

NO. 2020-KA-01366-SCT

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

February 10, 2022

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER BY: ERIN E. BRIGGS, GEORGE T. HOLMES, Jackson, ZAKIA BUTLER

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: ALLISON ELIZABETH HORNE

BEFORE KITCHENS, P.J., COLEMAN AND GRIFFIS, JJ.

COLEMAN, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1. A D'Iberville police officer arrested Damian Ladell Brown after spotting a firearm during a traffic stop. Brown now appeals his resulting conviction for three counts of possession of a controlled substance and one count of unlawful possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The trial court sentenced Brown to a total of twenty-four years to be served day for day without the benefit of early release or probation under Mississippi Code Section 99-19-81 (Rev. 2020), the habitual offender statute. Brown's defense counsel filed a motion for JNOV or, alternatively, a new trial. The court denied the motions, and Brown appeals.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. Officer Derek Romero of the D'Iberville Police Department was on duty during the late night/early morning hours of December 30, 2018, when he noticed a car pass without working tag lights. Romero turned on his patrol car lights and stopped the Toyota Camry. When he got to the car, Romero noticed two passengers inside. The driver and owner of the car, Martin Burkett, gave Romero his license. The passenger gave Romero a false name, but he was later identified as Damian Brown. While Romero spoke to the men, he saw a firearm on the passenger side floorboard of the car, behind Brown's legs. He asked the men if there were any weapons in the car, and they both answered that there were none. Romero then saw Brown slide his foot backwards, sliding the gun underneath the passenger seat.

¶3. Romero radioed for additional units to be dispatched and walked around to the passenger side of the car. He opened the door, asked Brown to step out of the car, and informed the men that he saw a gun in the car. Brown stepped out of the car. When he did so, Romero saw two bags containing a white powdery substance in the passenger seat. Romero asked Brown where the gun was located, and Brown responded, "Right there." Before Romero had the opportunity to pat Brown down, Brown ran. Romero pursued Brown and apprehended him.

¶4. When the additional officers arrived back at the Toyota Camry, Burkett was still sitting in the driver's seat. One of the officers took a Glock 30 handgun from underneath the passenger seat. He also removed two bags of white powdery substances, an aluminum foil packet with two tablets, and a small bag containing nine multicolored tablets. The powdery substance was 2.11 grams of cocaine, and the tablets in the aluminum foil and one other partial tablet tested positive for oxycodone. The gun, cocaine, and tablets were all found on the passenger side of the car.

¶5. Brown was later charged and convicted of three counts of possession of a controlled substance and one count of felon in possession of a firearm.¹

DISCUSSION

¶6. Brown argues that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to grant his proposed jury instruction that contained a proper statement of the law and encompassed his theory of defense. He further argues that the trial court erred by failing to grant his proposed jury instruction that would have instructed the jury on how to view the circumstantial evidence in his case.

¶7. "Whether to grant or deny proposed jury instructions is within the sole discretion of the circuit court." Victory v. State , 83 So. 3d 370, 373 (Miss. 2012) (citing Newell v. State , 49 So. 3d 66, 73 (Miss. 2010) ). Thus, the grant or denial of jury instructions is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Id. "A defendant is entitled to have jury instructions given which present his theory of the case; however, ... the court may refuse an instruction which incorrectly states the law, is covered fairly elsewhere in the instructions, or is without foundation in the evidence." Valentine v. State , 322 So. 3d 417, 423 (Miss. 2021) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Victory , 83 So. 3d at 373 ). "In determining whether error lies in the granting or refusal of various instructions, the instructions actually given must be read as a whole.... There is no error if all instructions taken as a whole fairly, but not necessarily perfectly, announce the applicable rules of law." Newell , 49 So. 3d at 73–74 (Miss. 2010) (quoting Rubenstein v. State , 941 So. 2d 735, 784–85 (Miss. 2006) ).

I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion by failing to grant proposed jury instruction D-11.

¶8. Brown argues that his proposed jury instruction (D-11) should have been granted. Brown's proposed instruction stated, "[t]he Court instructs the jury that possession requires actual or constructive control, not a mere passing control which occurs from a momentary handling of contraband." When reviewing the grant or denial of jury instructions for abuse of discretion, no one instruction is to be singled out; the Court reviews them as a whole to determine whether an error has occurred. Victory , 83 So. 3d at 373. The trial court may refuse a jury instruction that is fairly covered elsewhere in the instructions or is a misstatement of the law. Id.

¶9. The trial court granted a jury instruction proffered by the State containing the following language:

The Court instructs the Jury that to constitute "Possession" as applied to this case, it is not necessary that the State prove actual physical possession; it is sufficient if the State establishes that the weapon and/or illegal narcotics involved were subject to the Defendant's dominion and control, and that he was aware or reasonably should have been aware, of its presence and character.

¶10. Curry v. State , 249 So. 2d 414 (Miss. 1971), first explained the law concerning the concept of constructive possession. Constructive possession at its core requires that the contraband be subject to the defendant's dominion and control. Id. at 416. The Court in Curry stated that

[T]here must be sufficient facts to warrant a finding that defendant was aware of the presence and character of the particular substance and was intentionally and consciously in possession of it. It need not be actual physical possession. Constructive possession may be shown by establishing that the [contraband] involved was subject to his dominion or control. Proximity is usually an essential element, but by itself is not adequate in the absence of other incriminating circumstances.

Id.

¶11. The controlled substances were found in Brown's car seat, and the handgun was found under his car seat. Brown argues that his proposed jury instruction was improperly denied because it was an accurate statement of the law...