Byfield v. Candler
| Decision Date | 16 December 1924 |
| Docket Number | 15686. |
| Citation | 125 S.E. 905,33 Ga.App. 275 |
| Parties | BYFIELD v. CANDLER. |
| Court | Georgia Court of Appeals |
Syllabus by the Court.
Since the passage of the act of October 2, 1879 (Ga. L. 1878-79, p 150, Civil Code of 1910, § 6084), a written request to charge is ineffective as such, unless it is presented "before the jury retires to consider of their verdict." Brooks v. State, 96 Ga. 353(4), 23 S.E. 413.
Where the trial judge completed his charge to the jury, who retired and considered the case for several hours, and then asked the court for a "recharge covering the whole case," and thereupon "the court gave to the jury in recharge the identical charge he originally gave them," it was not error to refuse written requests to charge presented to the court after such "recharge," but before the jury again retired. In Yeldell v. Shinholster, 15 Ga. 189 (4), the reversal of the refusal of an oral request presented under somewhat similar circumstances appears to have been based mainly upon the theory that the charge should have been given even without request. See division 1 of the opinion in that case.
In an action by a woman against a man either for an assault with intent to rape or for an assault with the intent of procuring her consent to the sexual act (Smalls v. State, 6 Ga.App. 502 [2], 65 S.E. 295; Sutton v. State, 123 Ga. 125, 51 S.E. 316), the want of consent on her part is an essential ingredient of the tort or cause of action complained of. Horseford v. State, 124 Ga. 784, 53 S.E. 322; Willey v. Carpenter, 64 Vt. 212, 23 A 630, 15 L.R.A. 853; Goldnamer v. O'Brien, 98 Ky 569, 33 S.W. 831, 36 L.R.A. 715, 56 Am.St.Rep. 378. Proof of consent, therefore, being such as to disprove the plaintiff's cause of action, is admissible under a general denial of the allegations of the declaration. Civil Code 1910, § 5636; Wright v. Starr, 42 Nev. 441, 179 P. 877, 6 A.L.R. 981; Raefeldt v. Koenig, 152 Wis 459, 140 N.W. 56, L.R.A. 1918E, 1053. Aliter as to a claim of justification, in an action for a mere assault and battery. Ratteree v. Chapman, 79 Ga. 574 (3), 4 S.E. 684.
The rule that when the testimony of a party is self-contradictory, vague, or equivocal it is to be taken most strongly against him (Shepard v. Chappell, 29 Ga.App. 6 [2], 113 S.E. 23) is applicable as matter of law only in resolving the issue to which such testimony relates, and will not estop such party from contesting other issues in the case. Wiley v. Rutland Railroad Co., 86 Vt. 504, 86 A. 808, and citations. Thus, the fact that the defendant testified that he had no intercourse with the plaintiff, and made no effort to do so, did not preclude an insistence on his part (the other evidence so authorizing) that the plaintiff consented to whatever was done. It was still permissible for him to combat liability upon the theory of the absence of one of the necessary ingredients of the alleged cause of action.
The court charged the jury that if they believed that the plaintiff and the defendant "were voluntarily having sexual intercourse with each other, or were preparing to have sexual intercourse, and that the entire transaction was assented to by the plaintiff and the defendant, then the plaintiff cannot recover." Under the peculiar facts and circumstances developed by the evidence, this court cannot hold that the instruction was erroneous upon the ground that it was unwarranted by any evidence in the case.
General damages are such as the law presumes to flow from any tortious act, and may be recovered without proof of any amount. Civil Code 1910, § 4507. In an action for the recovery of general damages (Truitt v. Rust, 25 Ga.App. 62 [2], 102 S.E. 645), either for an assault with intent to rape or for an assault with intent to procure consent to the act of sexual intercourse, upon proof of the assault as alleged, the law, without further evidence, will presume that the plaintiff has been damaged. Pye v. Gillis, 9 Ga.App. 725(2), 72 S.E. 190. Where in the trial of such an action a verdict for general damages, under the pleadings and the evidence, may legally be found, it is error to instruct the jury in such language as to imply that the plaintiff ought not to recover unless it be affirmatively proved that damage has resulted from the alleged tortious acts.
Applying the rulings of the preceding paragraph, the court erred in this case in charging the jury as follows: "If the defendant made such an assault upon the plaintiff as is described in plaintiff's petition, that is,--that the defendant tore the bedclothing off of plaintiff, disheveled her nightclothes, grabbed her in his arms and sought to get in bed with her against her will, for the purpose of debauching her, and if the jury believes that the plaintiff suffered injury and damage on account thereof, then the plaintiff would be entitled to recover such damages as the proof shows she has sustained;" the vice in this excerpt being that it tended to impress the jury that, even though the defendant did all of the things named, the plaintiff still would not be entitled to recover, unless she further proved, as an additional fact, that she had been injured and damaged. For this error a new trial is demanded,...
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