Byrd v. Bates
Decision Date | 03 May 1957 |
Docket Number | No. 16332.,16332. |
Parties | Mrs. Estelle BYRD and J. N. Byrd, Jr., Appellants, v. Mrs. Willie Louis BATES et al., Appellees. |
Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit |
Wyman C. Lowe, Atlanta, Ga., for appellants.
Jackson C. Burroughs, Curtis White, John R. Carrell, Dallas, Tex., for appellees.
Before HUTCHESON, Chief Judge, and CAMERON and JONES, Circuit Judges.
Estelle Byrd, joined on this appeal by her husband, John N. Byrd, Jr., sought to recover damages for the wrongful death of her former husband, James Winchester. He was stabbed to death in the Stevens Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, on April 21, 1951. The action was brought in the District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Jurisdiction was based on diversity of citizenship. The original complaint was filed on April 20, 1953, one day short of two years from the date of Winchester's death. Over twenty defendants were named in the original complaint, some in representative capacities as executor, guardian and trustee. The plaintiff sought to charge that the defendants, as partners or in some other capacity, operated the Stevens Hotel and that Winchester had been killed by their employees and agents and that they were negligent in employing improper persons. The original complaint contained a prayer that summons issue as required by law. Two or three copies of the complaint were sent with the original to the clerk of the court at the time of filing. The letter of the plaintiff's counsel, a resident of Atlanta, transmitting the complaint and the filing fee to the clerk in Dallas contained the request, "Please have summons issue on the day you receive the complaint from me". On that day, April 20, 1953, the clerk wrote plaintiff's attorney:
Plaintiff's counsel replied:
The attorney wrote similar letters on three subsequent occasions. Summons issued on September 14, 1953. Two days later Mrs. Bates was served. John B. McCallum was served on October 2, 1953. He is a Catholic Priest who by his clerical vows is unable to participate in civil litigation. Nothing has been filed by him or on his behalf in the cause in the district court or in this court. The district court, of its own motion, dismissed the cause on the ground that no cause of action was stated. This court reversed. Byrd v. Bates, 5 Cir., 1955, 220 F.2d 480. After numerous pleadings were filed, the court ordered the plaintiff to replead and on November 18, 1955, an amended complaint was filed in which relief was sought against Mrs. Bates and Rev. McCallum in their various representative capacities but not against anyone else. Although not named as defendant in this last amended complaint, The United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company, which was surety on Mrs. Bates' guardianship bond, filed an answer. It had never been served with summons. Mrs. Bates filed a motion for summary judgment on several grounds, most of which went to the merits of the plaintiff's alleged cause of action. Among the grounds, not going to the merits, was one asserting, "That the plaintiffs' cause of action, if any they ever had, is barred by the Two Year Statute of Limitations". Affidavits were filed. Among these was one of the plaintiff's attorney reciting that in a telephone call to the deputy clerk on April 25, 1953, he, the attorney, wished summons issued to Mrs. Bates and McCallum. Depositions and admissions were before the court. At the hearing the clerk's correspondence was received in evidence. The court entered judgment for the defendants. It was there recited that the court was of the opinion that the plaintiff's suit was barred by limitations.
The plaintiff appellant has appealed from the summary judgment and asserts that thirteen errors were committed.
The primary question is whether there is any disputed fact upon which the operation of the bar of the Texas two-year statute of limitation might depend. So much of that statute as is here pertinent is in these words:
The plaintiff takes the position that Rule 3 of Fed.R.Civ.Proc., 28 U.S.C.A., providing that "A civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court", fixes the date of filing the complaint as the time when the statute of limitation is tolled; and if, contends the appellant, there is any requirement that there be a bona fide intent that process be issued and served, that intent is shown by counsel's letter to the clerk, and the rule relating to issuance of summons which provides:
Rule 4(a), Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.
Prior to the adoption of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure it had been held that in a suit brought in a state court and thereafter removed, the laws of the state would determine when the suit had been "commenced" or brought within the meaning of a statute of limitations. Goldenberg v. Murphy, 108 U.S. 162, 2 S.Ct. 388, 27 L.Ed. 686. In 1934 Congress gave the Supreme Court the power to prescribe rules of practice and procedure but forbade affecting substantive rights. 28 U.S.C.A. § 2072. The rules were adopted on December 20, 1937. 302 U.S. 783, 82 L.Ed. 1552. They became effective September 16, 1938. Between these two dates, on April 25, 1938, the Supreme Court in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64, 58 S.Ct. 817, 82 L.Ed. 1188, 114 A.L.R. 1487, held that in cases involving rights having their origin under state law, the substantive law of the state would govern in Federal as well as state courts. In 1945 the Supreme Court held that state statutes of limitations should be applied. The court held that it was immaterial whether statutes of limitation were regarded as substantive or procedural. The court said:
Guaranty Trust Co. of New York v. York, 326 U.S. 99, 65 S.Ct. 1464, 1470, 89 L.Ed. 2079, 160 A.L.R. 1231.
A like question, and one with more factual similarity to that now before us, came before the Supreme Court of the United States. The Kansas statute of limitations provided that "An action shall be deemed commenced within the meaning of this article, as to each defendant, at the date of the summons which is served on him, * * *" G.S. 1949, 60-308. A suit was brought involving a highway collision occurring October 1, 1943. The complaint was filed September 4, 1945. The defendant was not served until December 28, 1945. The defendant moved for a summary judgment on the ground that under the Kansas statute the action was barred. The plaintiff asserted the suit was commenced when the complaint was filed and relied upon Rule 3, Fed.Rules Civ.Proc. The Supreme Court held the Kansas law applicable and that the action was barred. From its opinion we quote:
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...facts of each particular case similar to the type of inferences that must be drawn in determining intent and good faith. Byrd v. Bates, 243 F.2d 670, 674 (5 Cir. 1957). Defendant cites numerous cases in which summary judgment has been granted in this Circuit on the ground that the action wa......
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