Cannon v. Washington

• Decision Date: 10 August 2005
• Docket Number: No. 03-3295.,03-3295.
• Parties: William CANNON, Jr., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Odie WASHINGTON, Director, Ronald Haws, Rodney L. Tally, et al., Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

418 F.3d 714

William CANNON, Jr., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Odie WASHINGTON, Director, Ronald Haws, Rodney L. Tally, et al., Defendants-Appellees.

No. 03-3295.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

Submitted July 21, 2005^*.

Decided August 10, 2005.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

William Cannon, Jr., Pontiac, IL, pro se.

Timothy McPike, Office of the Attorney General, Chicago, IL, Craig L. Unrath, Heyl, Royster, Voelker & Allen, Peoria, IL, for Defendants-Appellees.

Before BAUER, CUDAHY, and SYKES, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM.

This protracted litigation arises out of three incidents that allegedly occurred in 1996 and 1998 in which Illinois inmate William Cannon, Jr., claims that prison guards severely beat him. Cannon originally filed suit in 1998 and amended his complaint in 2001, alleging in total that more than 50 defendants violated his rights under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments and a number of state laws. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The district court granted a default judgment against one defendant and awarded Cannon $1,000 in damages. The court also dismissed or granted summary judgment on all claims against the other defendants because, as relevant here, it found that Cannon failed to properly exhaust his administrative remedies as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA") prior to filing suit. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Cannon appeals and we affirm in part and vacate and remand in part.

Illinois officials transferred Cannon to the Centralia Correctional Center on June 12, 1996. Upon his arrival Centralia officials ordered Cannon to remove his clothes for a strip search and an anal cavity search. Cannon refused to submit to the rectal search, so several guards came to his cell and forcibly performed the procedure. Afterwards, Cannon claims he was taken to a segregation cell, beaten, and forcibly subjected to another rectal search. Cannon says that the next day he was taken into the shower by a group of officers and again ordered to strip naked and submit to an anal cavity search. Cannon refused, arguing that he had already been searched, and was again beaten and forcibly searched.

Later that day, June 13, Cannon was transferred to the Shawnee Correctional Center. Shawnee officials again ordered Cannon to submit to a rectal search. When he refused, Cannon claims he was taken into a shower room, beaten until he was semiconscious, and again forcibly searched. The next day, June 14, Cannon was again taken to the shower room and ordered to submit to yet another anal cavity search. When he again refused, Cannon claims six guards forcibly searched him. After the search Cannon was immediately transferred to the Menard Correctional Center.

Prison officials filed disciplinary reports against Cannon for the incidents of June 12-13 for disobeying orders, insolence, and assaulting an officer. A disciplinary board at Menard later found Cannon guilty of insolence and disobeying orders but not guilty of assault. He was sanctioned with a two-month demotion in credit-earning class and a transfer to a maximum security unit.

Cannon wrote an eight-page grievance complaining about the conduct of the officers at Centralia and Shawnee. Because he was housed at the time at Menard and his grievance concerned events at other institutions, he mailed the grievance to the Department of Corrections' ("DOC") Administrative Review Board ("ARB") in Springfield, as required by state regulations. See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.870(a)(3). He placed his grievance in the prison mail system on December 13, 1996; it was returned, however, on December 14 for insufficient postage. Cannon immediately re-sent it with proper postage. At the time the DOC required inmate grievances to be filed within six months of the incident (the time period has since been shortened to 60 days). See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.810(a) (1996). The ARB received the grievance on December 23 and denied it as untimely; the Board, however, told Cannon that it might reconsider if he submitted a copy of his original grievance along with a new grievance explaining the delay. Instead, Cannon wrote to the Director of the DOC, seeking reconsideration of his untimely grievance. Cannon stated that his grievance was delayed because Menard officials confiscated his personal papers on November 12 and did not return them until December 3. He said these papers contained the names of the guards who beat him and also contained other important facts he needed to draft his grievance. The ARB denied Cannon's request because he did not follow its instructions for resubmitting the grievance.

Two years later, in May 1998, Cannon allegedly was attacked at Menard by several guards who were unhappy that he was preparing to file this lawsuit. Cannon says the guards beat him, confiscated his legal materials, and placed him in a new cell with a mentally unstable inmate who attacked him. In June 1998 Cannon filed suit based solely on the rectal searches and beatings in June 1996 at Centralia and Shawnee. He filed a grievance concerning the Menard attacks in November 1998, but it was denied on the merits. In March 2001 Cannon amended his complaint in the district court to add several claims and defendants based on the May 1998 events at Menard.

As relevant here, the district court determined that Cannon did not exhaust his administrative remedies as to the June 1996 incidents because his grievance was untimely. As to the May 1998 incident, the court held that he did not exhaust his administrative remedies before filing suit. The court reasoned that Cannon could not amend his complaint to add new claims relating to the later incident that had not been exhausted at the time he filed his original complaint. The court also declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Cannon's state law claims. Cannon appeals.

Cannon first argues that he properly exhausted his administrative remedies with respect to the June 1996 incidents. He claims that the ARB should have deemed his grievance filed not on the date the Board received it, but instead on the date he first deposited it in the prison mail system. Cannon says that he lost all control over the grievance's delivery once he placed it in the prison mail system and that he should not be held responsible for delays in delivery. See Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 266, 273-74, 108 S.Ct. 2379, 101 L.Ed.2d 245 (1988) (prisoner's notice of appeal from denial of petition for habeas corpus deemed filed when deposited in prison mail system because "pro se prisoners have no control over delays between the prison authorities' receipt of the notice and its filing").

To the extent Cannon relies on the mailbox rule, most of the claims asserted in his grievance would still be untimely. The incidents described in Cannon's grievance occurred on June 12 and June 13 1996; he signed his grievance on December 13—exactly six months after the second incident but six months and one day after the first. Thus, the grievance was untimely as to the events of June 12. It was also untimely as to the events of June 13 because Cannon's grievance was returned to him for insufficient postage and he did not properly mail it until December 14, which was unquestionably one day too late. See United States v. Craig, 368 F.3d 738, 740 (7th Cir.2004) (noting that mailbox rule in FED. R. APP. P. 4(c)(1) requires prisoner to submit affidavit stating he affixed sufficient postage).

Cannon also argues that his grievance was timely with respect to a claim that the guards at Centralia falsely charged him with assault in an effort to justify their attack on him. Cannon received notice of the disciplinary charge on June 14 and mailed his grievance exactly six months later. He asserts that he could not have filed a grievance until he was acquitted of that charge, which happened on July 18. But Illinois at the time required an inmate to submit a grievance within six months of "the discovery of the incident, occurrence, or problem that gives rise to the grievance." 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.810(a) (1996). Because Cannon discovered that an allegedly false disciplinary charge had been filed against him on June 14, he was required to file a grievance by December 14. The same is true of the alleged forced search at Shawnee on June 14.

Cannon argues that he did file his grievance on December 14 because that is when he mailed it. The ARB deemed it untimely, either because it construed the claim to be intertwined with the June 12-13 incidents or, alternatively, because it did not receive the grievance until December 23. Regardless, the ARB accepts late grievances if the prisoner demonstrates "good cause" for the delay. Riccardo v. Rausch, 375 F.3d 521, 524 (7th Cir.2004); Dixon v. Page, 291 F.3d 485, 489 (7th Cir.2002); 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.810(a). The ARB invited Cannon to seek reconsideration of his untimely grievance so long as he explained the delay on an official form and attached a copy of the original grievance. Instead, Cannon wrote a letter to the DOC Director asking him to excuse the delay. This response ignored both of the ARB's instructions concerning the form of his response. By failing to take advantage of the procedure offered by the ARB for reconsidering the grievance, Cannon failed to exhaust his administrative remedies with respect to the false discipline claim. See Pozo v. McCaughtry, 286 F.3d 1022, 1025 (7th Cir.2002) (prisoner must file complaints and appeals "in the place, and at the time, the prison's administrative rules require").

Cannon also argues that he could not have filed his grievance regarding the incidents at Centralia and Shawnee earlier...