Carlson v. Panuska, C0-95-2531

• Decision Date: 27 November 1996
• Docket Number: No. C0-95-2531,C0-95-2531
• Citation: 555 N.W.2d 745
• Parties: Alan G. CARLSON, et al., Petitioners, Appellants, v. Harold and Margaret PANUSKA, Respondents.
• Court: Minnesota Supreme Court

Page 745

555 N.W.2d 745

Alan G. CARLSON, et al., Petitioners, Appellants, v. Harold and Margaret PANUSKA, Respondents.

No. C0-95-2531.

Supreme Court of Minnesota.

Nov. 27, 1996.

Review Denied Jan. 10, 1997.

Syllabus by the Court

A motion to vacate a default judgment is not appealable when the party against whom the default judgment was entered had the opportunity to file and did file a memorandum and supporting affidavit in opposition to the default judgment, was represented by counsel, and attended and participated in the hearing on the default judgment.

Best & Flanagan, Robert L. Meller, Jr., Rider, Bennett, Egan & Arundel, Eric J. Magnuson, Minneapolis, for petitioners, appellants.

Briggs and Morgan, Margaret K. Savage, Janel E. LaBoda, Margo L. Coyle, Minneapolis, for respondents.

Considered and decided by the court en banc without oral argument.

OPINION

PAGE, Justice.

This appeal arises out of the purchase of a parcel of real property located in Orono, Minnesota. Alan Carlson and Kingsbridge Properties, Inc. (Carlson) bought the property in 1989 from Dr. and Mrs. Harold Panuska (the Panuskas) with the intent of developing it into single-family homesites. Carlson filed a complaint in Hennepin County District Court on October 16, 1992, alleging several causes of action based on fraud in the sale of the property. ¹

Carlson moved for a default judgment on June 2, 1994, based on Minn. R. Civ. P. 37 and 41. ² The Panuskas filed a memorandum along with a supporting affidavit and appeared with counsel at the hearing on Carlson's motion for the default judgment. At the hearing, the Panuskas argued that the default judgment should not be entered. The district court directed entry of judgment in favor of Carlson. The district court's decision was based on the Panuskas' discovery abuses and their repeated and willful violations of court orders. The court stated that "[a]warding Plaintiffs their requested judgment by default pursuant to Rules 37.02(b) and 41.02 * * * is not only appropriate, but necessary given the severe and permanent prejudice to Plaintiffs and the clear warning to Defendants." The Panuskas did not appeal the entry of the default judgment. On September 25, 1994, the time limit for appealing the judgment expired and the judgment became final.

On November 2, 1995, after a year of collateral proceedings and continuances, the district court denied the Panuskas' amended motion to vacate the default judgment. On November 30, 1995, the Panuskas appealed the denial of the amended motion to vacate to the court of appeals pursuant to Minn. R. Civ.App. P. 103.04. On December 26, 1995, Carlson filed a motion with the court of appeals to strike the Panuskas' notice of appeal based on his contention that an order denying a motion to vacate a default judgment is not appealable. The court of appeals denied Carlson's motion, finding that an order refusing to vacate a default judgment is appealable. We granted Carlson's petition for further review and the court of appeals subsequently stayed all proceedings pending our resolution of the appealability issue. We now reverse the court of appeals and dismiss the Panuskas' appeal.

As a general rule, an order denying a motion to vacate a final judgment is not appealable. Angelos v. Angelos, 367 N.W.2d 518, 519 (Minn.1985). "The word 'final' when used to designate the effect of a trial court's judgment or order means that the matter is conclusively terminated so far as the court issuing the order is concerned." City of Chaska v. Chaska Township, 271 Minn. 139, 142, 135 N.W.2d 195, 197 (1965). The proper appeal from a final judgment is from the underlying judgment itself. LaFond v. Sczepanski, 273 Minn. 293, 295-96, 141 N.W.2d 485, 487 (1966). If the appeal is one from an order denying a motion to vacate an authorized judgment upon grounds reviewable by appeal from the judgment, the order is not appealable. Id. The law permits no other method of review to vacate or modify the judgment. Weckerling v. McNiven Land Co., 231 Minn. 167, 171, 42 N.W.2d 701, 703 (1950). The purpose of this rule is to prevent an extension of the time to appeal the original judgment by filing a motion to vacate. Lyon Development Corp. v. Ricke's, Inc., 296 Minn. 75, 79, 207 N.W.2d 273, 275 (1973).

We considered the appealability of orders refusing to vacate a default judgment in Kottkes' Bus Co. v. Hippie, and noted an exception to the rule that orders refusing to vacate authorized judgments are not appealable. In Kottke's Bus Company, we stated that:

A default judgment entered against a party who has made no appearance in the action may escape the attention of that party until the time for appeal has expired. Since it is made ex parte, probably no appeal can be taken directly from such a default judgment. * * * On the other hand, a judgment by default entered against a defendant who has appeared in the action does not present the same...