Casper v. Cooper Hospital

• Decision Date: 13 July 1953
• Docket Number: No. A--291,A--291
• Citation: 26 N.J.Super. 535,98 A.2d 605
• Parties: CASPER v. COOPER HOSPITAL.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 535

26 N.J.Super. 535

98 A.2d 605

CASPER v. COOPER HOSPITAL.

No. A--291.

Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division.

Argued June 29, 1953.

Decided July 13, 1953.

Sylvester S. Garfield, Jersey City, for plaintiff-appellant (Keron D. Chance, Bridgeton, attorney).

Carl Kisselman, Camden, for defendant-respondent (Orlando, Devine & Tomlin, Camden, attorneys).

Before Judges GOLDMANN, CLEARY and DAVIDSON.

PER CURIAM.

This is an appeal from an order granting summary judgment for defendant in plaintiff's negligence suit. The facts which emerge from the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, pretrial order and stipulation are fairly clear.

Defendant is an eleemosynary institution organized not for pecuniary profit by special act of the Legislature of 1875, and assumed its present name by special act of 1877. Plaintiff, a registered nurse, enrolled as a member of a course in nursing instruction given by Seton Hall College, also an eleemosynary institution. The classes were conducted in two rooms in the Nurses' Home on defendant's premises under a verbal agreement whereby the college was permitted to use the rooms for giving its courses in nursing instruction for the period of a year. In return, the college paid defendant $75, which was regarded by the parties as a donation. According to the custom between the parties, this sum was used for the purchase of books for the defendant's nursing school library and equipment for the nursing school.

The course in which plaintiff enrolled was given in two semesters of 15 two-hour sessions each, for which she paid Seton Hall College a matriculation fee of $3, and a course fee of $27.50. Upon successfully completing the course plaintiff would receive two hours' credit toward a degree from the college.

Plaintiff attended a class at the Nurses' Home on February 7, 1950. She left the building after the class ended at about 8:00 p.m., and while walking along a pathway on defendant's premises, fell into an areaway. This areaway had once had a protective railing which rusted and was removed in 1942. Plaintiff sustained injuries as a result of her fall and sued for pain, suffering and expenses, alleging that defendant was negligent in maintaining the areaway without having it properly lighted or railed, or using reasonable care to protect and guide plaintiff and other invitees. Defendant's answer denied negligence; by way of separate defense the hospital claimed it was a non-profit eleemosynary institution and that since plaintiff was a recipient of its philanthropy, it was not answerable in damages for the injuries she sustained. Defendant then moved for summary judgment on this ground. The motion was granted.

Plaintiff argues that the judgment entered by the trial court failed to grant the relief sought by the defendant and was not in conformity with Rule 3:54--4. The argument is specious. The order for summary judgment read: '* * * judgment be and the same is hereby entered in favor of the defendant, * * *.' Plaintiff cites no authority to support the claim that the form of judgment is improper.

Plaintiff's primary contention is that she is not the recipient of the charitable benefits of the defendant hospital, and therefore it is not immune from suit at her instance. The rule in this State is that public policy justifies the exemption of a charitable institution from liability for negligence arising out of the acts of its servants and agents, and immunity being limited to suits by those who directly or indirectly stand in some beneficial relation to the charitable defendant. D'Amato v. Orange Memorial Hospital, 101 N.J.L. 61, 127 A. 340 (E. & A.1925); Boeckel v. Orange Memorial Hospital, 108 N.J.L. 453, 158 A. 832 (Sup.Ct.1932), affirmed 110 N.J.L. 509, 166 A. 146 (E. & A.1933). Where, however, the plaintiff is 'a complete stranger having no beneficial relation' to the defendant charitable institution, recovery may be had if negligence is proved. Simmons v. Wiley M. E. Church, 112 N.J.L. 129, 131, 170 A. 237 (E. & A.1934); Daniels v. Rahway Hospital, 160 A. 644, 10 N.J.Misc. 585 (C.P.1932).

Plaintiff cannot be said to be a 'complete stranger' to defendant, or 'unconcerned in and unrelated to' its operations. Cf. Kolb v. Monmouth Memorial Hospital, 116 N.J.L. 118, 182 A. 822 (E. & A.1936). The situation here presented is highly analogous to that of Bianchi v. South Park Presbyterian Church, 123 N.J.L. 325, 8 A.2d 567, 568, 124 A.L.R. 808 (E. & A.1939). In that case plaintiff was a member of a Girl Scout troop which held ...