Chambers v. State, 69609

• Decision Date: 06 January 1988
• Docket Number: No. 69609,69609
• Citation: 742 S.W.2d 695
• Parties: Ronald Curtis CHAMBERS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 695

742 S.W.2d 695

Ronald Curtis CHAMBERS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 69609.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas En Banc.

Jan. 6, 1988.

Richard Kristin Weaver, Richard Alan Anderson, Dallas, for appellant.

John Vance, Dist. Atty. and Jeffrey B. Keck, Asst. Dist. Atty., Dallas, Robert Huttash, State's Atty., Austin, for the State.

Before the court en banc.

OPINION

CAMPBELL, Judge.

Appellant was convicted of capital murder and assessed the death penalty. Appellant raised thirteen points of error on appeal; however, the nature of points one through seven cause us to restrict our discussion to these points.

In the first seven points of error, appellant argues that he was denied a fair trial under the Fourteenth Amendment due to the prosecutor's use of peremptory challenges to strike all of the blacks from the jury panel. Appellant relies on Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986). In Batson, the Supreme Court set out the basic requirements for such a challenge:

To establish such a case, the defendant first must show that he is a member of a cognizable racial group, and that the prosecutor has exercised peremptory challenges to remove from the venire members of the defendant's race. Second, the defendant is entitled to rely on the fact, as to which there can be no dispute, that peremptory challenges constitute a jury selection practice that permits "those to discriminate who are of a mind to discriminate." Finally, the defendant must show that these facts and any other relevant circumstances raise an inference that the prosecutor used that practice to exclude the veniremen from the petit jury on account of their race. This combination of factors in the empanelling of the petit jury, as in the selection of the venire, raises the necessary inference of purposeful discrimination.

Id. 106 S.Ct. at 1723 (citations omitted). The trial court must then rule whether defendant's showing constitutes a prima facie case of discrimination. Id. If the trial court determines that a prima facie case has been made, the burden shifts to the State to come forward with a neutral explanation for its use of peremptory strikes. Id. After the neutral explanation is offered, the trial court makes a final determination as to whether purposeful discrimination has been shown. Id. at 1723-24.

The instant case was tried before the Supreme Court announced Batson, supra. However, Batson has been applied to cases which were pending on appeal at the time of that decision. Griffith v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 708, 93 L.Ed.2d 649 (1987).

For cases which fit within the window of time described in Griffith, supra, this Court has limited its inquiry to whether the defendant preserved the error in accord with the guidelines described in Henry v. State, 729 S.W.2d 732, 736 (Tex.Cr.App.1987). E.g., DeBlanc v. State, 732 S.W.2d 640 (Tex.Cr.App.1987). In the instant case, appellant perfected the record by noting the race of each venireman. In each instance where the State exercised a peremptory challenge to excuse a black venireman, appellant objected, asked for a racially neutral explanation of the State's challenge, and obtained an adverse ruling from the trial judge. Finally, appellant proffered that if he could examine the prosecutor, he expected to prove that each challenge was racially motivated. Appellant's preservation of error meets the standard provided in Henry, supra, and the State concedes that appellant properly preserved the issue.

Appellant argues that his proffer of proof that the prosecutor challenged the three black veniremen for improper reasons under Batson binds this Court to reach the conclusion that the veniremen were improperly challenged. In support of this proposition, he cites...