Chambliss, In re

• Decision Date: 15 May 1981
• Citation: 173 Cal.Rptr. 712,119 Cal.App.3d 199
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: In re Gerald W. CHAMBLISS on Habeas Corpus. Crim. 21762.

Page 712

173 Cal.Rptr. 712

119 Cal.App.3d 199

In re Gerald W. CHAMBLISS on Habeas Corpus.

Crim. 21762.

Court of Appeal, First District, Division 1, California.

May 15, 1981.

Benjamin R. Winslow, Winslow & Schmidt, San Francisco, for petitioner.

George Deukmejian, Atty. Gen., Robert H. Philibosian, Chief Asst. Atty. Gen., Edward P. O'Brien, Asst. Atty. Gen., William D. Stein, Nancy Stewart, Deputy Attys. Gen., San Francisco, for respondent.

GRODIN, Justice.

If a criminal defendant is sentenced to prison as a result of a plea bargain, and the trial court fails to inform him of the possibility of parole upon release, as required by Penal Code section 1170, subdivision (c), ¹ is the defendant entitled to release without parole? Such is the contention of petitioner Chambliss, whose petition for habeas corpus we consider. We find, contrary to petitioner's contention, that whatever remedies may exist for a court's failure to comply with the advisory requirements of section 1170, subdivision (c), parole-free release is not among them.

On July 18, 1979, in the context of a negotiated plea, Chambliss pled guilty to grand theft (Pen.Code, § 487) and was released on probation for a period of three years on the conditions, among others, that he serve the first twelve months in county jail, obey all laws of the community and be of good conduct. He was informed that if he was found to be in violation of probation he could be sentenced to state prison for three years.

On March 19, 1980, the Probation Department filed a petition and probation report concerning revocation of probation. The report alleged that since release from county jail, petitioner had been arrested on a variety of charges not relevant here.

On May 16, 1980, petitioner appeared with counsel before the same court that had sentenced him previously. He waived his right to a hearing, and admitted the probation violation in exchange for the imposition of the two-year middle term on the grand theft charge and dismissal of the other pending charges. The court revoked probation and sentenced petitioner accordingly, with credit for time already served.

In August 1980, with approximately one month left on his state prison term, petitioner filed his petition for writ of habeas corpus alleging that he had 'recently become aware that the California Department of Corrections ha(d) imposed a three (3) year period of parole at the termination of (his) imprisonment,' that he was not informed by the court at the time of sentence that his release might be subject to parole, and that had he been so informed 'it would have had a definite effect upon the plea I entered.' The petition was first filed with the Monterey County Superior Court, ² and when that court denied the petition it was filed here.

Petitioner relies upon cases which recognize the general enforceability of plea bargains (e. g., Santobello v. New York (1971) 404 U.S. 257, 92 S.Ct. 495, 30 L.Ed.2d 427; People v. Delles (1968) 69 Cal.2d 906, 73 Cal.Rptr. 389, 447 P.2d 629). He contends that because he was not advised of the potential for parole, his bargain should be construed as calling for a parole-free release; and that since neither withdrawal of the plea nor resentencing are any longer meaningful options, the bargain as so construed should be specifically enforced (cf. People v. Kaanehe (1977) 19 Cal.3d 1, 13-15, 136 Cal.Rptr. 409, 559 P.2d 1028).

The case which most closely supports petitioner's case serves also to distinguish it. In People v. Flores (1971) 6 Cal.3d 305, 98 Cal.Rptr. 822, 491 P.2d 406, the defendant was prosecuted on multiple charges including a count of robbery while armed with a deadly weapon (Pen.Code, § 211). Pursuant to a plea bargain, he entered a plea of guilty to the robbery count, indicating in open court and at the court's request that he understood that he was pleading guilty to 'armed robbery' and that the maximum sentence he could receive for that offense was 'five years to life.' After accepting the plea, and after the remaining counts were dismissed, the court inquired of defendant how the crime was committed, and upon learning that it was committed with the use of a firearm, sentenced defendant to an additional five-year period pursuant to Penal Code section 12022.5, which then provided for a mandatory five-year enhancement for robbery with use of a firearm. The Supreme Court held that '(i)n entering his plea of guilty, defendant in effect bargained for a sentence of no greater than imprisonment for five years to life ... and that he must be given the benefit of his plea bargain.' (Id., at pp. 308-309, 98 Cal.Rptr. 822, 491 P.2d 406.)

The record does not support petitioner's contention that parole-free release was part of his plea bargain. (Cf. In re Lawler (1979) 23 Cal.3d 190, 195, 151 Cal.Rptr. 833, 588 P.2d 1257.) The transcript contains no mention of parole, and there is no inconsistency between parole and the sentence that was imposed. There was no promise by court or prosecution (cf. People v. Newton (1974) 42 Cal.App.3d 292, 116 Cal.Rptr. 690) nor was there a mutual understanding (cf. People v. Martinez (1979) 88 Cal.App.3d 890, 152 Cal.Rptr. 204). At most, there is an asserted ignorance on the part of ...