City of Bushnell v. Chicago, B.&Q.R. Co.

• Citation: 259 Ill. 391,102 N.E. 785
• Parties: CITY OF BUSHNELL v. CHICAGO, B. & Q. R. CO.
• Decision Date: 14 October 1913
• Court: Supreme Court of Illinois

259 Ill. 391

102 N.E. 785

CITY OF BUSHNELL

v.CHICAGO, B. & Q. R. CO.

Supreme Court of Illinois.

June 18, 1913.

Rehearing Denied Oct. 14, 1913.

Error to Circuit Court, McDonough County; Harry M. Waggoner, Judge.

Action by the City of Bushnell against the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. Judgment for defendant, and plaintiff brings error. Affirmed.R. E. Lybarger, City Atty., of Bushnell, and Flack & Lawyer, of Macomb, for plaintiff in error.

Joseph A. Connell, of Chicago, and George D. Tunnicliff, of Macomb (Chester M. Dawes, of Chicago, of counsel), for defendant in error.

DUNN, J.

The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company was sued by the city of Bushnell for a violation of a city ordinance. On the trial the circuit court sustained an objection to the introduction of the ordinance in evidence, and directed a verdict of not guilty. The validity of the ordinance being involved, a writ of error has been sued out of this court; the trial court having certified that the public interest so required.

The ordinance was passed and duly published in May, 1912. It established within the city a business district, within whose limits the maintenance or operation of any siding or switch track or setting out, switching, storing, making up or passing freight cars, freight trains, or engines used therewith, or for loading or unloading freight cars or trains, was declared to be a nuisance, for the maintenance of which a penalty was imposed.

The right of way of the railroad company, 250 feet wide, was acquired in 1853 and 1854, before the city of Bushnell was laid out. It runs from northeast to southwest, and, when the city was laid out, a street was located adjoining the east side of the right of way and another adjoining the west side, called, respectively, East Main street and West Main street. Hail, Hurst, and Barnes streets crossed East and West Main streets and the right of way at right angles; Hail being the farthest north and Barnes the farthest south. The right of way from Hail street to Barnes street was within the business district. It was stipulated that the railroad company has used its right of way through said district for more than 40 years, during which time it has maintained thereon one main track and three switch tracks, to which were added, in 1910, another main track and another switch track; that for more than 40 years it has maintained a freight depot on its right of way between Hurst and Barnes streets, where it received, loaded, and unloaded freight; that on the west side of its right of way there is a lumber yard just north of Hail street and another just south of Barnes street, and on the east side of the right of way a grain elevator just north of Hail street, the ground on which the lumber yards and elevator are situated being leased from the railroad company. It was also stipulated that the city of Bushnell is a prosperous, growing city, having a population of about 2,700 persons and large and diverse business interests of great value; that the business houses face East and West Main streets in about equal numbers from Hail to Barnes street, and consist, in part, of an opera house, a hotel, banking house, restaurants, stores for the sale of merchandise, barber shops, printing offices, and offices of lawyers, doctors, dentists, commission merchants, and brokers; that Hail, Hurst, and Barnes streets are the streets most generally used; that they connect the main business portions of the city, and are the most convenient and practicable means of passing back and forth in the business portion of the city. The city introduced evidence to prove that 2,000 or 2,500 people cross the railroad at Hurst street every day and as many more at the other two crossings; that from 7 o'clock in the morning to 9 o'clock at night the streets are obstructed by cars and engines on switch tracks from a fifth to a third of the time, and cars almost continually stand so near the street crossings as to obstruct the view of approaching trains; that all the coal unloaded is unloaded in the business district, and that the unloading of coal and the operation of cars and engines in switching make so much dust and smoke that business houses are at times obliged to close their doors, and so much noise that doors have to be closed to use the telephone; that offensive odors from poultry and stock cars standing on the tracks penetrate the houses, and that at times from 100 to 200 people are waiting to cross the tracks when they are obstructed.

[1] The only question involved is the validity of the ordinance. The law authorizes the city to declare what shall be a nuisance, but this does not authorize it to act arbitrarily, and declare that to be a nuisance which is not in fact a nuisance. Village of Desplaines v. Poyer, 123 Ill. 348, 14 N. E. 677,5 Am. St. Rep. 524.

[2] Some things are in their nature nuisances, and are so recognized by the law. Other things are of such a character that in their nature they may be nuisances, but as to which honest differences of opinion may exist among men of impartial minds as to whether they are actually nuisances or not. The maintenance of slaughterhouses or livery stables, the depositing of offal and of the carcasses of dead animals within the city, or the obstruction of sidewalks for the display of merchandise, are of this class. In this class of cases the exercise by the city of the legislative authority to declare what shall be a nuisance is conclusive of the question. If it declares the thing a nuisance, it is a nuisance. North Chicago City Railway Co. v. Town of Lake View, 105 Ill. 207, 44 Am. Rep. 788;Harmison v. City of Lewistown, 153 Ill. 313, 38 N. E. 628,46 Am. St. Rep. 893;Laugel v. City of Bushnell, 197 Ill. 20, 63 N. E. 1086,58 L. R. A. 266. In another class are those things which in their nature are not nuisances, but which may become nuisances by reason of their locality, surroundings, or the manner in which they are conducted. The city has no power to declare conclusively such things to be nuisances, but can only declare such of them to be nuisances as are in fact so. Village of Desplaines v. Poyer, supra; Laugel v. City of Bushnell, supra; Sings v. City of Joliet, 237 Ill. 300, 86 N. E. 663,22 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1128, 127 Am. St. Rep. 323;Yates v. City of Milwaukee, 10 Wall. 497, 19 L. Ed. 984;City of Evansville v. Miller, 146 Ind. 613, 45 N. E. 1054,38 L. R. A. 161;City of St. Louis v. Heitzeberg Packing & Provision Co., 141 Mo. 375, 42 S. W. 954, 39 L. R. A. 551, 64 Am. St. Rep. 516; City of Denver v. Mullen, 7 Colo. 345, 3 Pac. 693;Grossman v. City of Oakland, 30 Or. 478, 41 Pac. 5,36 L. R. A. 593, 60 Am. St. Rep. 832;City of Helena v. Dwyer, 64 Ark. 424, 42 S. W. 1071,39 L. R. A. 266, 62 Am. St. Rep. 206. In Yates v. City of Milwaukee, supra, it is said: ‘It is a doctrine not to be tolerated in this country that a municipal corporation, without any general laws, either of the city or the state, within which a given structure can be shown to be a nuisance, can, by its mere declaration that it is one, subject it to removal by any person supposed to be aggrieved, or even by the city itself. This would place every house, every business, and all the property of the city at the uncontrolled will of the temporary local authorities.’

The tracks of the railroad company are located upon its private right of way and lawfully cross the city's streets at their intersections with the right of way. It is not contended that such occupation of the street intersections is a nuisance or could be declared to be such.

[3] A railroad, having acquired a right to the use of the streets of a city, cannot be required to take up its tracks or abandon the use of the streets by the declaration of the city council that the operation of its railroad is a nuisance. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Co. v. City of Joliet, 79 Ill. 25;City of Chicago v. Chicago & Oak Park Elevated Railroad Co., 250 Ill. 486, 95 N. E. 456.

[4] The operation of the railroad is a lawful business, and if it enters the city it must cross the streets not only with its main tracks, but with its side tracks. The switching of cars and the use of locomotive engines for that purpose are necessary for the transaction of its business, and neither the existence of the side tracks, nor their use in switching, nor the use of locomotives for that purpose, can be prohibited. The city has the authority, in the exercise of the police power, to regulate the manner of using the switch tracks so that they shall not be operated in a manner dangerous to the lives or limbs of persons using the streets, so that public travel and the use of the streets shall not be unreasonably interfered with, so that the community in the vicinity of the railroad shall not be put to unreasonable inconvenience in the use and enjoyment of their property. It is the alleged use of the switch tracks in such a manner as to produce such public inconveniences which is the evil sought to be remedied. The remedy must be reached, not by the destruction and removal of the switch tracks, which are lawfully located, but by the regulation of their use. Under this ordinance it is unlawful for the railroad company to switch a car for loading or unloading to its freight house on its private right of way in the business district under any circumstances and without reference to the condition or manner in which it is done. Switching, alone, the ordinance makes the test, and not the public inconvenience or danger.

[5] Counsel for the plaintiff in error say that the matter complained of and penalized by the ordinance is a public nuisance. The matter penalized by the ordinance is the maintenance and operation of the switch tracks. The city, however, was not content to prove that the railroad company maintained switch tracks within the prohibited territory and operated them. It did not claim to be entitled to judgment on proof of the ordinance and...