City of Miami v. Simpson

• Decision Date: 21 October 1986
• Docket Number: No. BK-23,BK-23
• Citation: 11 Fla. L. Weekly 2227,496 So.2d 899
• Parties: 11 Fla. L. Weekly 2227 CITY OF MIAMI, Appellant/Cross-Appellee, v. James SIMPSON, Appellee/Cross-Appellant.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 899

496 So.2d 899

11 Fla. L. Weekly 2227

CITY OF MIAMI, Appellant/Cross-Appellee, v. James SIMPSON, Appellee/Cross-Appellant.

No. BK-23.

District Court of Appeal of Florida,

First District.

Oct. 21, 1986.

ERVIN, Judge.

Appellant/Cross-Appellee, City of Miami, appeals the award of wage loss benefits in this workers' compensation claim. Appellee/Cross-Appellant appeals the failure of the deputy commissioner (dc) to award statutory penalties. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

Claimant was employed by the City of Miami as a fire fighter and paramedic beginning in 1972. In 1980, the claimant suffered a compensable back injury while working as a paramedic, and, on April 26, 1982, he voluntarily resigned from his position with the city. As recited in our earlier opinion involving the same parties, the resignation was unrelated to claimant's injury, but was instead motivated by the need to gain favorable recommendations from his supervisors to be presented to a federal court during sentencing, following his conviction for drug smuggling by airplane. City of Miami v. Simpson, 459 So.2d 326, 327 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). Claimant reached maximum medical improvement (MMI) October 13, 1982. After his resignation, he enrolled in a rehabilitation program to be trained as a forester, and received a degree in forestry from the University of Northern Arizona in December 1984. Claimant accepted a job as a forester, which began on January 6, 1985.

Claimant was awarded temporary total disability benefits in connection with the rehabilitation program by order dated October 25, 1983, which were reversed by us in City of Miami v. Simpson. In reversing, we observed that the claimant had embarked upon a rehabilitation program "before informing the employer of any need for or interest in such a program." 459 So.2d at 327. Following our mandate, the claimant subsequently filed claims for wage loss benefits which were controverted by the employer. In a second order, dated October 28, 1985, the dc awarded wage loss benefits, from September 19, 1982 to July 31, 1985, on the ground that the findings of fact recited in the 1983 order, relating to wage-loss, were law of the case or res judicata, and controlled subsequent proceedings concerning wage-loss. ¹

We agree with appellant that the dc erred in applying res judicata regarding the issue of wage-loss. Although the doctrine of res judicata is generally applicable to workers' compensation cases, Wellcraft Marine Corp. v. Turner, 435 So.2d 864 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), it has no relevancy to the facts at bar. The only item concerning wage-loss in the decretal portion of the 1983 order, item 2, did not award specific benefits. ² Since there was no wage loss award, the dc's discussion of wage-loss was non-final and non-appealable. See Mills Electrical Contractors v. Marthens, 417 So.2d 700 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) pet. for review denied, 429 So.2d 6 (Fla.1983) (an order deciding the issue of compensability in favor of claimant but not awarding benefits); Sunny Pines Convalescent Center v. Walters, 422 So.2d 1079 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (reservation of jurisdiction to award attorney's fees). As "the doctrine [of res judicata] will not be applied where, in the prior action, there was not an unquestionable, clear-cut official adjudication[,]" 32 Fla.Jur. 2d Judgments and Decrees § 97 (1981), it has no bearing as to claimant's right to wage-loss in the instant case. Wellcraft, 435 So.2d at 865, observes that the statutory scheme governing wage-loss affords an e/c the right to contest succeeding wage loss claims on appropriate grounds, but holds that estoppel by judgment precludes an e/c from relitigating the issue of permanent impairment, unless it argues that a change in claimant's condition has occurred. Appellant has not objected to the dc's findings of permanent impairment in the 1983 order, and, based on Wellcraft, would have been estopped from doing so, unless it could have proven that claimant's condition had improved.

The record discloses that after the claimant reached MMI, he was not available for employment until after he had graduated from the University of Northern Arizona. The employer argues that since the claimant terminated his employment with the city voluntarily, and because the reasons for his separation had nothing to do with the compensable injury, the causal link necessary to obtain wage loss benefits has been severed.

The fact that claimant voluntarily limited his employment for a certain period of time does not perpetually foreclose his right to wage loss benefits. See Whalen v. U.S. Elevator, 486 So.2d 670 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986); Johnston v. Super Food Services, Inc., 461 So.2d 169 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). As this court observed in Whalen, 486 So.2d at 671:

Whatever temporary period of unemployment might be attributable solely to unrelated dislocation would logically end upon proof of prima facie injury connection by continued wage loss after a good faith job search by one whose employment status has been permanently altered by a compensable impairment which affects his competitive position in the labor market.

Although we conclude that during the time the claimant was enrolled in the unauthorized rehabilitation program, he was not entitled to wage loss benefits, such conclusion has no effect on claimant's right to wage-loss once he obtained full time employment as a forester. As we observed in Stahl v. Southeastern X-Ray, 447 So.2d 399, 401, n. 4 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984): "Obtaining and performing a full time job clearly constitutes a job 'search' and market test." Therefore, when, after graduation, claimant reentered the job market in January 1985, and became employed as a forester at a lesser rate of pay than that he had received in his prior employment, he became eligible for wage loss benefits, since, as of that date, the claimant met the initial burden required in Section 440.15(3), Florida Statutes (1979), of establishing that any wage-loss was the result of the compensable injury. The burden then shifted to the employer to present affirmative proof that appellant refused work or voluntarily limited...