Colby v. Columbia County

• Decision Date: 02 March 1995
• Docket Number: No. 93-3348,93-3348
• Parties: Clinton J. COLBY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COLUMBIA COUNTY, Wisconsin, and Columbia County Highway Commissioner, Kurt Dey, or his predecessor in interest, Defendants-Respondents. d
• Court: Wisconsin Court of Appeals

Page 404

531 N.W.2d 404

192 Wis.2d 397

Clinton J. COLBY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COLUMBIA COUNTY, Wisconsin, and Columbia County Highway Commissioner, Kurt Dey, or his predecessor in interest, Defendants-Respondents.^d

No. 93-3348.

Court of Appeals of Wisconsin.

Submitted on Briefs Nov. 8, 1994.

Opinion Released March 2, 1995.

Opinion Filed March 2, 1995.

For the plaintiff-appellant, the cause was submitted on the briefs of Eric A. Farnsworth of DeWitt Porter of Madison.

For the defendants-respondents, the cause was submitted on the brief of Bradley D. Armstrong and Paul Voelker of Axley Brynelson of Madison.

Before GARTZKE, P.J., and SUNDBY and VERGERONT, JJ.

VERGERONT, Judge.

Clinton Colby appeals from an order dismissing his personal injury action against Columbia County and Columbia County Highway Commissioner Kurt Dey (collectively, Columbia County). The trial court dismissed the action on the ground that Colby's claim accrued more than three years before the commencement of the action and, therefore, the action was barred by the statute of limitations under § 893.54, STATS. Colby contends that under Fox v. Smith, 159 Wis.2d 581, 464 N.W.2d 845 (Ct.App.1990), the three-year statute of limitations was tolled when he filed a prior action against Columbia County. That action was dismissed without prejudice because it was prematurely filed under the notice of claim statute, § 893.80(1)(b), STATS. We conclude that Fox is controlling and requires that we reverse the trial court.

The relevant facts are undisputed. Colby was injured in a motor vehicle accident that occurred on March 10, 1990, on a Columbia County highway. On February 24, 1993, Colby filed a claim with the clerk of Columbia County pursuant to § 893.80(1)(b), STATS. Section 893.80(1) provides in part:

[N]o action may be brought or maintained against any ... political corporation, governmental subdivision or agency thereof ... upon a claim or cause of action unless:

....

(b) A claim containing the address of the claimant and an itemized statement of the relief sought is presented to the appropriate clerk or person who performs the duties of a clerk or secretary for the ... corporation, subdivision or agency and the claim is disallowed. Failure of the appropriate body to disallow within 120 days after presentation is a disallowance.

On February 26, 1993, Colby and his parents filed a summons and complaint against Columbia County in Columbia County Circuit Court. Columbia County denied the claim on March 17, 1993. It also moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that it was premature, since Colby had not waited 120 days to file the complaint after filing the claim. The trial court agreed in a memorandum decision dated July 19, 1993. An order of dismissal without prejudice was entered on August 9, 1993, and on August 10, 1993, Colby filed the summons and complaint in this action.

Columbia County moved to dismiss this action on the ground that it was not timely filed under § 893.54, STATS. The trial court granted the motion to dismiss. It was aware of our decision in Fox, which held that § 893.13(2), STATS., tolls the running of a statute of limitations where the first complaint was defective because it was prematurely filed under § 893.80(1)(b), STATS. However, the trial court concluded that Fox was in conflict with an earlier Wisconsin Supreme Court decision, Maynard v. De Vries, 224 Wis. 224, 272 N.W. 27 (1937), which required dismissal of Colby's second complaint.

This appeal presents issues of statutory interpretation, which we address independently from the trial court's analysis. Ball v. Dist. No. 4, Area Bd., 117 Wis.2d 529, 537, 345 N.W.2d 389, 394 (1984).

Section 893.13(2) and (3), STATS., provides:

(2) A law limiting the time for commencement of an action is tolled by the commencement of the action to enforce the cause of action to which the period of limitation applies. The law limiting the time for commencement of the action is tolled for the period from the commencement of the action until the final disposition of the action.

(3) If a period of limitation is tolled under sub. (2) by the commencement of an action and the time remaining after final disposition in which an action may be commenced is less than 30 days, the period within which the action may be commenced is extended to 30 days from the date of final disposition.

Commencement of an action for statute of limitations purposes occurs when, "as to each defendant ... the summons naming the defendant and the complaint are filed with the court," provided service is made on the defendant within sixty days of filing. Section 893.02, STATS. The term " 'final disposition' means the end of the period in which an appeal may be taken from a final order or judgment of the trial court." Section 893.13(1), STATS.

If § 893.13, STATS., applies as Colby contends it does, then he had thirty days from the trial court's order of August 9, 1993, ¹ dismissing the first complaint to file the second complaint. The thirty-day period of § 893.13(3) would apply because at the time Colby filed the first complaint on February 26, 1993, there were fewer than thirty days left until the expiration of the statute of limitations. The filing of the second complaint on August 10, 1993, is within the thirty-day period.

Columbia County argues that § 893.13, STATS., does not operate to toll the statute of limitations because the filing and service of the first complaint did not constitute "the commencement of the action." According to Columbia County, since § 893.80(1)(b), STATS., provides that no action may be brought or maintained against a governmental subdivision unless the claim has been rejected or 120 days have passed since it was filed, the commencement of an action did not occur until the filing of the second complaint.

In Fox, we held that § 893.13, STATS., tolled the running of the statute of limitations on facts nearly identical to these. A complaint had been filed and served on the municipality within the statute of limitations but was dismissed without prejudice because at the time that complaint was filed, the municipality had not disallowed the claim, nor had 120 days passed since the filing of the claim. Fox, 159 Wis.2d at 583, 464 N.W.2d at 846. We considered and rejected the same argument based on § 893.80(1)(b), STATS., that Columbia County makes here. We concluded that § 893.80(1)(b):

[M]erely makes an action premature unless one of those events has occurred. It does not override the clear language of sections 893.13(3) and 893.02, Stats., which combine to toll the statute of limitations whenever an action is commenced--that is, whenever there is the physical act of filing with the court a "summons naming the defendant and the complaint," provided there is proper service within 60 days.

Id. at 586-87, 464 N.W.2d at 848.

Columbia County acknowledges that Fox would dictate a ruling in Colby's favor. But Columbia County argues that Fox effectively overruled Maynard; that the court of appeals may not overrule a decision of the Wisconsin Supreme Court; and that therefore we must follow Maynard. We agree with Columbia County that a court of appeals decision overruling a controlling decision of the supreme court is erroneous and usurpative. State v. McCollum, 159 Wis.2d 184, 196 n. 6, 464 N.W.2d 44, 48 (Ct.App.1990). However, we conclude that Maynard was not controlling on the issue before the Fox court because Maynard did not consider or decide the impact of the tolling statute, § 893.13(2), STATS., on the running of the statute of limitations. Indeed, Maynard was not concerned with the statute of limitations at all.

In Maynard, Columbia County appealed from a judgment against it on the ground that the complaint was filed before the claim was filed with the county board. The court concluded that the notice of claim statute required dismissal of the complaint: ²

We see no escape from the conclusion that this action was prematurely brought and cannot be maintained. Under the provisions of these sections, when the instant action was begun on December 26, 1935, there was no cause of action in existence in favor of the plaintiff against Columbia county. Furthermore, the statute prohibited the commencement of any action or its maintenance after it was commenced without first filing a claim. Unless we ignore the plain letter of these statutory provisions, the contention of the defendant county must be sustained.

Maynard, 224 Wis. at 227, 272 N.W. at 28.

The court in Maynard was concerned with whether an action prematurely filed, before compliance with the notice of claim statute, should be dismissed. It did not consider the effect of that premature filing on the running of the statute of limitations. Nor did it consider § 893.13, STATS., which first became effective on July 1, 1980, ³ nor any similar tolling statute. The Maynard court therefore did not decide whether the premature filing of a complaint constituted "the commencement of an action" within the meaning of § 893.02, STATS., such that the tolling provisions of § 893.13 apply. The Maynard court's statement that the notice of claim statute "prohibited the commencement of any action or its maintenance after it was commenced without first filing a claim," Maynard, 224 Wis. at 227, 272 N.W. at 28, cannot reasonably be interpreted as deciding this issue, an issue not presented to the court.

Columbia County also argues that Fox effectively overruled an earlier court of appeals decision, Schwetz v. Employers Ins. of Wausau, 126 Wis.2d 32, 374 N.W.2d 241 (Ct.App.1985). According to Columbia County, the court of appeals may not overrule its decisions.

In Schwetz, we affirmed the dismissal of two actions that had been consolidated for appeal. The first action had been dismissed because it was filed before an itemized relief statement had been denied by the school district or before 120 days had passed since the...