Cole v. State, 59727

• Decision Date: 28 January 1981
• Docket Number: No. 2,No. 59727,59727,2
• Citation: 611 S.W.2d 79
• Parties: Henry Burton COLE, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 79

611 S.W.2d 79

Henry Burton COLE, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 59727.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, Panel No. 2.

Jan. 28, 1981.

Marvin O. Teague, Houston, for appellant.

Carol S. Vance, Dist. Atty., Calvin A. Hartmann and Gerald R. Flatten, Asst. Dist. Attys., Houston, Robert Huttash, State's Atty., Austin, for the State.

Before DALLY, W. C. DAVIS and CLINTON, JJ.

OPINION

DALLY, Judge.

This is an appeal from a conviction for the offense of murder. The punishment, enhanced by two prior felony convictions, is imprisonment for life.

Appellant asserts that: (1) the court erred in enhancing his punishment because the evidence was insufficient to sustain an enhancement allegation in the indictment; (2) there was a fatal variance between an enhancement allegation in the indictment and the evidence adduced to sustain that allegation; and (3) the court erred in excluding a police officer's testimony of the description of the person who shot the deceased which was given to him by the deceased's wife shortly after the shooting.

Appellant's first two grounds of error will be consolidated for review since they both concern the enhancement allegation in the indictment which alleges, in pertinent part:

"Before the commission of the primary offense, on June 17, 1959, in Cause No. 87954, in the Criminal District Court No. 2, of Harris County, Texas, the Defendant was convicted of the felony of Theft." (Emphasis added.)

At the punishment stage of the trial, the appellant pled not true to this allegation. The State then offered and the court admitted record evidence of a prior conviction for theft on June 17, 1959, in Cause No. 87594, in the Criminal District Court No. 2 of Harris County. The court charged the jury on the allegations in the indictment and the jury returned a true verdict.

Thus, the indictment alleges, inter alia, Cause No. 87954; the proof, however, refers to Cause No. 87594; and the jury was charged with reference to Cause No. 87954. Although no objections were raised at the trial court, appellant now urges that because "the allegata and probata do not mix," the variance is fatal and the allegations are insufficient to support the judgment.

It is well settled that it is not necessary to allege prior convictions for the purpose of the enhancement of punishment with the same particularity as must be used in charging the original offense. Coleman v. State, 577 S.W.2d 486 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Hollins v. State, 571 S.W.2d 873 (Tex.Cr.App.1978); Cooper v. State, 500 S.W.2d 837 (Tex.Cr.App.1973). In alleging a prior conviction for enhancement of punishment the allegations should include the court in which the conviction was obtained, the time of the conviction and the nature of the offense. Hollins v. State, supra; Walker v. State, 138 Tex.Cr. 230, 135 S.W.2d 498 (1940); Childress v. State, 131 Tex.Cr. 487, 100 S.W.2d 102 (1936); Neece v. State, 62 Tex.Cr. 387, 137 S.W. 919 (1911). If the sufficiency of these allegations are to be challenged on appeal, the defendant must have made a proper motion to quash the enhancement portion of the indictment at the trial court. Teamer v. State, 557 S.W.2d 110 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Prodon v. State, 555 S.W.2d 451 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Arce v. State, 552 S.W.2d 163 (Tex.Cr.App.1977).

In the instant case, appellant made no motion to quash the enhancement portion of the indictment, therefore, he waives any contention as to the sufficiency of these allegations. Moreover, the allegations are sufficient. What we must determine is whether the error in the cause numbers render the proof of the prior conviction at variance with these allegations.

If the proof fails to correspond with the enhancement allegations the punishment cannot be legally enhanced. Hollins v. State, supra. Accordingly, this contention is set forth by appellant in his reliance on Green v. State, 153 Tex.Cr. 273, 219 S.W.2d 687 (1949), and Colvin v. State, 357 S.W.2d 390 (Tex.Cr.App.1962). In Green, the indictment alleged that in Cause No. 9097 in the County Court of Gregg County, the defendant had been convicted of drunken driving when the proof showed the defendant had been convicted of drunken driving in Cause No. 9027 in the County Court of Gregg County. Although the Court recognized that the proof was sufficiently certain to show a prior conviction, it reversed the case because the proof failed to show that such conviction was had in Cause No. 9097 as alleged in the indictment. On motion for rehearing, Judge Davidson stated:

"The variance between the two numbers is apparent. A conviction in Cause No. 9027 did not prove the conviction in Cause No. 9097, as alleged.

"We cannot agree with the State that the two numbers substantially corresponded, or that we should assume that the variance was the result of mistake."

In Colvin, the information alleged that on February 17, 1960 in Cause No. 149896, the defendant had been convicted of an offense of carrying a pistol when the proof showed the defendant had been convicted of an offense of carrying a pistol on February 17, 1961 in Cause No. 149986. In reversing the case, it was said:

"Thus, there was a fatal variance between the information and the proof in two respects; i. e., the number of the cause and the date of the conviction."

These cases appear to be on point and to support appellant's position. We observe, however, the trend in the law regarding allegations of prior convictions has generally been toward a relaxation of the rigid rules of the past. Rooks v. State, 576 S.W.2d 615 (Tex.Cr.App.1978). See also Hollins v. State, supra; Howell v. State, 563 S.W.2d 933 (Tex.Cr.App.1978); Arce v. State, supra; Bray v. State, 531 S.W.2d 633 (Tex.Cr.App.1976); Hernandez v. State, 530 S.W.2d 563 (Tex.Cr.App.1975). In particular, two of the cases that Colvin specifically relied on were expressly overruled in Rooks v. State, supra. In one of those two cases, Corley v. State, 158 Tex.Cr. 207, 254 S.W.2d 394 (1953), cited in Colvin, it was said:

"The evidence introduced in support of the above allegations of the indictment shows that the judgment was rendered and entered and sentence pronounced in said Cause No. 72-AB in Criminal District Court No. 2 of Dallas County, Texas, on the date alleged, and not in the Criminal District Court of Dallas County as alleged.

"The two district courts above named are separate and distinct courts. Arts. 52-1 and 52-8, C.C.P., as amended, Acts 1951, 52nd Leg., p. 663, Vernon's Ann.C.C.P. Arts. 52-1, 52-8.

"consequently there was a variance between the allegations in the indictment and the proof. The variance between the allegations as to the district court in which the appellant was previously convicted and the proof is fatal to a conviction. (Citations omitted)."

See also Morman v. State, 127 Tex.Cr. 264, 75 S.W.2d 886 (Tex.Cr.App.1934).

In Rooks v. State, supra, the defendant argued that the allegation in the indictment was fundamentally defective because there was no Criminal District Court in Harris County in 1971 as alleged in the indictment and that the proof was at fatal variance with the indictment because it showed the prior conviction was had in the 184th District Court of Harris County. The Court, in expressly overruling Corley and Morman and relying on Arce v. State, supra, and Bray v. State, supra, wrote:

"Although Arce was an indictment case and Bray was a variance case, read in tandem they show Corley is no longer viable. If alleging the wrong court but the right county and cause number produces no variance in a single district county, as Bray held, and if alleging no court but only cause number and county is sufficient in a multi-district county, as Arce held, then surely allegations of a wrong court in a multi-district county can neither be fatal nor produce a fatal variance ...."

It seems logical, therefore, that alleging the wrong cause number but the right court, county, date, and offense produces no fatal variance.

Also illustrative of the relaxation of the rigid rules of the past is Plessinger v. State, 536 S.W.2d 380 (Tex.Cr.App.1976). There the indictment alleged a prior Arizona conviction for enhancement of punishment, but in alleging the style of the case, the indictment stated the prior conviction was styled "The State of Texas vs. Delbert Lorraine Plessinger, Jr." The State's proof showed the style was "The State of Arizona vs. Delbert Lorraine Plessinger, Jr." In addressing this variance, it was said:

"While the carelessness here involved is not to be condoned, we are unable to say that appellant has shown surprise or that he was misled to his prejudice. See Burton v. State, 493 S.W.2d 837 (Tex.Cr.App.1973); Loud v. State, 499 S.W.2d 295 (Tex.Cr.App.1973).

"The object of the doctrine of variance between allegations of an indictment is to avoid surprise, Worsham v. State (56 Tex.Cr. 253), 120 S.W. 439 (1909), and for such variance to be material it must be such as to mislead the party to his prejudice. Castro v. State (124 Tex.Cr. 13), 60 S.W.2d 211 (1933); Thurmon v. State (145 Tex.Cr. 279), 167 S.W.2d 528 (1942)."

Reference in Plessinger was also made to McGill v. United States, 10 F.2d 972 (5th Cir. 1926), wherein the Court of Appeals held that a variance in the cause numbers between the allegation of the prior offense and the proof thereof was not a fatal variance. There, the indictment alleged Cause No. 4468 and the proof showed the Cause No. was 4462. This was the only variance.

In the instant case, there is a variance only in the cause numbers. Despite appellant's general contention that the variance misled him and prejudiced the preparation of his defense, we are unable to say that he has shown such surprise or prejudice as to make it a fatal variance. The purpose of an enhancement allegation is to provide the accused with notice of the prior conviction relied upon by the State. Coleman v. State, supra; Bevins v. State, 422 S.W.2d 180 (Tex.Cr.App.196...