Coleman v. Schwarzenegger

Citation922 F.Supp.2d 882
Decision Date04 August 2009
Docket NumberNos. CIV S–90–0520 LKK JFM P, C01–1351 TEH.,s. CIV S–90–0520 LKK JFM P, C01–1351 TEH.
PartiesRalph COLEMAN, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Arnold SCHWARZENEGGER, et al., Defendants. Marciano Plata, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Arnold Schwarzenegger, et al., Defendants.
CourtU.S. District Court — Eastern District of California

OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE

Edward P. Sangster, Raymond E. Loughrey, Jeffrey L. Bornstein, K & L Gates, LLP, Gay Crosthwait Grunfeld, Lisa Adrienne Ells, Aaron Joseph Fischer, Blake Thompson, Ernest Galvan, Jane E. Kahn, Krista Michelle Stone-Manista, Laura Barbara Boysen-Aragon, Lori Rifkin, Michael Bien, Michael Louis Freedman, Thomas Bengt Nolan, Kenneth M. Walczak, Rosen, Bien, Galvan & Grunfeld, LLP, Amy Whelan, Claudia B. Center, Legal Aid Society, San Francisco, Donald Specter, Rebekah B. Evenson, Berkeley, Kimberly Hall Barlow, Jones & Mayer, Fullerton, Fred D. Heather Glaser, Weil, Fink, Jacobs, Howard, Avchen & Shapiro, LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Plaintiffs.

Debbie Jean Vorous, William H. Downer, Rochelle C. East, Patrick R. McKinney, Neah Huynh, Attorney General's Office for the State Of California, David Eugene Brice, Office of the Attorney General, Sacramento, Kyle Anthony Lewis, Office of the Attorney General for the State of California, Danielle Felice O'Bannon, Department of Justice, Jay Craig Russell Thomas Stuart Patterson, Office of the California Attorney General, Maneesh Sharma, CA Dept Of Justice, Samantha Derin Wolff, Hanson Bridgett, LLP, San Francisco, Paul B. Mello, Hanson Bridgett, LLP, Walnut Creek, Michael R. Capizzi, Law Office of Michael R. Capizzi, Santa Ana, Kimberly Hall Barlow, Ones & Mayer, Fullerton, CA, for Defendants.

OPINION AND ORDER

STEPHEN REINHARDT, Circuit Judge, LAWRENCE K. KARLTON, Senior District Judge, THELTON E. HENDERSON, Senior District Judge.

+-----------------+
                ¦TABLE OF CONTENTS¦
                +-----------------¦
                ¦                 ¦
                +-----------------+
                
+------------------------------------------+
                ¦I. ¦INTRODUCTION                     ¦887 ¦
                +---+---------------------------------+----¦
                ¦   ¦                                 ¦    ¦
                +---+---------------------------------+----¦
                ¦II.¦FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND¦889 ¦
                +------------------------------------------+
                
+------------------------------------------+
                ¦   ¦A.¦Plata   (Medical Care)        ¦890 ¦
                +------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦      ¦    ¦1. ¦Complaint, Stipulation, and Order for Injunctive     ¦890   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦   ¦Relief                                               ¦      ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦2. ¦Appointment of Court Experts and Their Findings      ¦892   ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦3. ¦Periodic Status Conferences                          ¦893   ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦4. ¦Proceedings To Determine Whether a Receiver Should Be¦893   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦   ¦Appointed                                            ¦      ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦   ¦Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law Concerning   ¦      ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦5. ¦Continuing Failure To Meet Constitutional Standards  ¦895   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦   ¦and Necessity of a Receivership                      ¦      ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦6. ¦Interim Remedies                                     ¦897   ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦7. ¦Appointment of the Plata   Receiver                  ¦897   ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+------------------------------------------+
                ¦   ¦B.¦Coleman   (Mental Health Care)¦897 ¦
                +------------------------------------------+
                
+---------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦   ¦1.¦Findings of Eighth Amendment Violations¦898  ¦
                +----+---+--+---------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦    ¦   ¦2.¦Remedial Orders                        ¦900  ¦
                +---------------------------------------------------------+
                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦     ¦   ¦  ¦a. ¦Mental Health Care Beds and Treatment Space¦902   ¦
                +-----+---+--+---+-------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦     ¦   ¦  ¦b. ¦Transfers to Appropriate Level of Care     ¦905   ¦
                +-----+---+--+---+-------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦     ¦   ¦  ¦c. ¦Staffing                                   ¦905   ¦
                +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦   ¦3.¦Special Master's 2006 Monitoring Reports¦906  ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦C. ¦Crowding in California's Prison System¦908 ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦      ¦    ¦1. ¦The Increasing California Prison Population          ¦908   ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦2. ¦Studies Commissioned by the State of California To   ¦909   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦   ¦Examine Prison Crowding                              ¦      ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦3. ¦Defining the Capacity of California Prisons          ¦909   ¦
                +------+----+---+-----------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦4. ¦Crowding in Relation to Capacity                     ¦911   ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦      ¦D.  ¦Governor Schwarzenegger's Emergency Proclamation         ¦912   ¦
                +------+----+---------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦E.  ¦Motions To Convene Three–Judge Court and Subsequent      ¦912   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦Prison Studies by the State of California                ¦      ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦     ¦   ¦1.¦Motions To Convene and Initial Proceedings¦912  ¦
                +-----+---+--+------------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦     ¦   ¦2.¦Intervening Reports on Prison Crowding    ¦913  ¦
                +-----+---+--+------------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦     ¦   ¦3.¦Final Hearing and Rulings                 ¦914  ¦
                +-------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+--------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦F. ¦Proceedings Before this Three–Judge Court¦916  ¦
                +--------------------------------------------------------+
                
+---------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦                                         ¦    ¦
                +----+-----------------------------------------+----¦
                ¦III.¦LEGAL FRAMEWORK                          ¦916 ¦
                +---------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦      ¦A.  ¦The PLRA Standard for Prisoner Release Orders: Primary   ¦917   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦Cause and No Other Relief                                ¦      ¦
                +------+----+---------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦The PLRA Standard for All Prospective Relief:            ¦      ¦
                ¦      ¦B.  ¦Need–Narrowness–Intrusiveness and Consideration of Public¦918   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦Safety                                                   ¦      ¦
                +------+----+---------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦C.  ¦The Remedial Nature of the Three–Judge Court Proceeding  ¦919   ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+---------------------------------------+
                ¦   ¦                               ¦   ¦
                +---+-------------------------------+---¦
                ¦IV.¦CROWDING AS PRIMARY CAUSE      ¦920¦
                +---------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦      ¦A.  ¦General Problems in the Delivery of Medical and Mental   ¦922   ¦
                ¦      ¦    ¦Health Care Caused by Crowding                           ¦      ¦
                +------+----+---------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦      ¦B.  ¦Space Issues Affecting the Delivery of Care              ¦923   ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦     ¦   ¦1.¦Reception Centers                           ¦923   ¦
                +-----+---+--+--------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦     ¦   ¦2.¦Treatment Space                             ¦927   ¦
                +-----+---+--+--------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦     ¦   ¦3.¦Inability To House Inmates by Classification¦928   ¦
                +-----+---+--+--------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦     ¦   ¦4.¦Beds for Mentally Ill Inmates               ¦929   ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+------------------------------------------+
                ¦   ¦C.¦Conditions of Confinement     ¦930 ¦
                +---+--+------------------------------+----¦
                ¦   ¦D.¦Other Access to Care Issues   ¦932 ¦
                +------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦   ¦1.¦Staffing                           ¦932 ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------+
                
+-----------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦   ¦  ¦a.¦Medical Staff                    ¦932 ¦
                +----+---+--+--+---------------------------------+----¦
                ¦    ¦   ¦  ¦b.¦Mental Health Staff              ¦934 ¦
...

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