Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp. v. Industrial Commission
Decision Date | 02 March 1964 |
Docket Number | No. 20767,20767 |
Parties | The COLORADO FUEL AND IRON CORPORATION, Plaintiff in Error, v. The INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION of Colorado, and State Compensation Insurance Fund, and Hattie M. Holman, for herself and on behalf of her minor daughter, LaVella Holman, Defendants in Error. |
Court | Colorado Supreme Court |
Welborn, Dufford & Cogburn, Denver, for plaintiff in error.
Duke W. Dunbar, Atty. Gen., Frank E. Hickey, Deputy Atty. Gen., Peter L. Dye, Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for defendant in error Industrial Comm. of Colorado.
Harold Clark Thompson, Alious Rockett, Francis L. Bury, Denver, for defendant in error State Compensation Ins. Fund.
Edward J. Scheunemann, Denver, for defendant in error Hattie M. Holman.
On December 11, 1961, Richard Holman died from asphyxiation caused by the inhalation of a lethal dose of carbon monoxide gas while working for the Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation and the sole question presented by this writ of error is whether his widow and surviving minor child are entitled to benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act, CRS '53, 81-1-1 et seq., or whether the exclusive remedy lies under the Occupational Disease Disability Act, CRS '53, 81-18-1 et seq. The employer in this case is self-insured under the Workmen's Compensation Act while it is insured with the State Compensation Insurance Fund under the Occupational Disease Disability Act. The Industrial Commission awarded benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act and this award was affirmed by the district court.
The facts surrounding Holman's death are not in dispute and we deem it sufficient in this regard to quote from the referee's findings:
At the hearing before the referee, an industrial hygiene engineer employed by the Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation testified that tests performed on a cupola adjoining that in which Holman met his death indicated percentages of carbon monoxide were present in the atmosphere within the cupola ranging from 3.3 per cent to 4.0 per cent and that a similar concentration would necessarily exist in the other cupola. The record discloses that such a high concentration of carbon monoxide would cause death within one or two minutes upon exposure. The record further discloses that carbon monoxide tests were not normally made on cupolas because the employees of the company were not expected to be inside the same incident to their employment.
Dr. Robert Young, a physician and surgeon employed by the Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation, testified as follows:
The employer's only contention here is that Holman died as a result of 'poisoning by carbon monoxide,' one of the diseases listed in the Occupational Disease Disability Act as being compensable under that Act, and that even though the poisoning resulted from an accident, benefits must be awarded exclusively under the Occupational Disease Disability Act and not under the Workmen's Compensation Act.
The Occupational Disease Disability Act of 1945 provides in pertinent part:
"Occupational disease' means only the diseases enumerated and specified in section 81-18-9.' CRS '53, 81-18-4(4)
'Occupational diseases listed.--The following diseases only shall be deemed to be occupational diseases, and compensation as provided in this article shall be payable for disability or death of an employee resulting from such diseases and from no others:
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'(16) Poisoning by carbon monoxide.
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CRS '53, 81-18-9, as amended.
'Compensation exclusive remedy.--In all cases where the employer and the employee are subject to the provisions of this article, and where the employer has complied with the provisions of this article regarding insurance, the liability of the employer under this article to such employee or to his spouse, children, parents, dependents, next of kin, personal representatives, guardian or any others for any injury to health or on account of death from any disease set forth in section 81-18-9 in any way contracted, sustained, or incurred by such employee in the course of, or because of, or arising out of his employment shall be exclusive and shall be in place of any and all civil liability whatsoever at common law or otherwise.' CRS '53, 81-18-8.
We do not agree with the employer that the above sections of the Occupational Disease Disability Act operate so as to defeat the claim of Holman's widow and child under the Workmen's Compensation Act under the circumstances of this case. At the heart of the matter is the essential nature of the incident causing Holman's death and in our view his death was caused by an 'accident' as that term is used in connection with the Workmen's Compensation Act and not by an 'occupational disease.'
In 1935 this Court had occasion to define an 'occupational disease' in Industrial Commission v. Ule, 97 Colo. 253, 48 P.2d 803. At that time disability or death from an 'occupational disease' was not compensable by statute. That...
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