Com., Dept. of Transp., Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Roeting

• Decision Date: 16 January 1973
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, BUREAU OF TRAFFIC SAFETY, Appellant, v. Francis ROETING, Jr., Appellee.
• Court: Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court

Page 125

300 A.2d 125

7 Pa.Cmwlth. 317

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BUREAU OF TRAFFIC SAFETY, Appellant, v. Francis ROETING, Jr., Appellee.

Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania.

Argued Dec. 6, 1972.

Decided Jan. 16, 1973.

[7 Pa.Cmwlth. 318] Anthony J. Maiorana, Asst. Atty. Gen., Harrisburg, for appellant.

Henry F. Gingrich, Elizabethtown, for appellee.

Before BOWMAN, President Judge, and CRUMLISH, Jr., KRAMER, WILKINSON, MENCER, ROGERS and BLATT, JJ.

OPINION

CRUMLISH, Jr., Judge.

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is here appealing an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County which reversed the suspension by the Secretary of Transportation of the operator's license of Francis Roeting, Jr., appellee. Appellee, in October 1966, was involved in an accident with an insured of the Harleysville Mutual Insurance Company of Lancaster. As a result, he executed a judgment note for Harleysville Mutual Insurance Company which contained a confession of judgment clause. The insurance company filed the judgment note in the office of the Prothonotary of Lancaster County, January 8, 1971. Certification of the judgment was forwarded to the Secretary of Transportation in April 1971, and on June 21, 1971, the Secretary suspended the operating license of appellee under the mandate of section 1413 of the Vehicle Code (non-payment of a judgment).

An appeal was taken by Roeting to the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County. ¹ The court below reversed the Secretary and held section 1413 unconstitutional in that it violated Roeting's rights of equal protection and due process under the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution by suspending his license without a determination that the judgment was the result of appellee's negligent driving. We affirm.

There is no doubt that the Vehicle Code, Act of April 29, 1959, P.L. 58, as amended, 75 P.S. § 1413, mandates the action of the Secretary in suspending the appellee's license upon certification that a judgment was rendered against appellee. The question herein is whether this Pennsylvania Financial Responsibility Statute is constitutional as it is applied to appellee.

The United States Supreme Court has twice upheld the constitutionality of state financial responsibility statutes. Kesler v. Department of Public Safety of the State of Utah, 369 U.S. 153, 82 S.Ct. 807, 7 L.Ed.2d 641 (1962); Reitz v. Mealey, 314 U.S. 33, 62 S.Ct. 24, 86 L.Ed.2d 21 (1941). The Supreme Court has stated that such statutes, promulgated under the police power of the states, are not devious means of using the police power as a collecting agency for private debts, but, instead, are 'intended to discourage careless driving or to mitigate its consequences by requiring as a condition of licensing or registration the satisfaction of outstanding accident judgments, the posting of security to cover possible liability for a past accident, or the filing of an insurance policy or other proof of ability to respond in damages in the future.' Kesler, 369 U.S. at 158, 82 S.Ct. at 811. These statutes are a use of the police power to protect against damage inflicted on the public by those 'adjudged guilty of negligence driving.' Reitz, 314 U.S. at 36, 62 S.Ct. 24.

Essentially, the Supreme Court has held such statutes to be valid exercises of the police power for two purposes: (1) to remove from the highways previously negligent drivers who are unable to demonstrate the ability to compensate for future damages they might cause; (2) to punish drivers who through negligence cause injury but who escape liability by their inability to pay. ² Section 1413 of the Pennsylvania Vehicle Code does not provide for reinstatement of licenses upon proof of financial responsibility for future accidents. ³ It therefore must be based upon the purpose of punishing negligent drivers.

We base this conclusion, in part, upon our agreement with the view expressed in Miller v. Depuy, 307 F.Supp. 166, 170 (E.D.Pa.1969). ⁴ There, Judge Body, referring to sections 1413 and 1414 of the Vehicle Code, stated, 'The state's exercise of the police power to promote safety on the highway can in no direct and compelling way be served by suspending a person's ownership certificate and operator's license where in fact he has not been shown to be in any way an unsafe Driver.' (emphasis in original). Since the use of the police power here involved is only served when directed at negligent drivers, it is clear that section 1413 must have as its purpose, if it is to have any valid purpose, the removal from the highway of negligent drivers who have caused injury with impunity.

Where a statute is grounded upon a theory of fault or liability for negligent driving, its provisions must be drawn so as to provide reasonable ascertainment of whether those it seeks to punish Are negligent drivers. Otherwise, it violates the constitutional right to due process. Bell v. Burson, 402 U.S. 535, 91 S.Ct. 1586, 29 L.Ed.2d 90 (1970). ⁵ Therefore, the question before this Court is whether certification of a judgment resulting from a traffic accident, where that judgment was obtained by a confession of judgment clause in a judgment note, is sufficient evidence of negligent driving by the judgment debtor so as to permit the application of section 1413.

The Commonwealth argues that a licensee would not execute a judgment note, except to avoid being sued for damages caused by his negligence. Thus, it argues, the judgment debtor has confessed his guilt. The Commonwealth draws a single exclusive inference from the execution of a judgment note. We find it reasonable indeed more likely to infer that a licensee might be motivated to sign such a note (1) by his mistaken belief that he was liable; (b) by his desire to avoid costly litigation; (3) by confusion caused by pressure from other parties and their corporate allies; or (4) merely by a feeling of moral obligation. More importantly, if a licensee who is vicariously liable for damages resulting from an automobile accident, executed a judgment note, and had judgment confessed against him, section 1413 would mandate the suspension of his license even though the judgment did not result from his operation, negligent or otherwise, of a vehicle. Miller v. Depuy, 307 F.Supp. 173 (E.D.Pa.1969).

We believe the legislature, consistent with the purpose of this statute, envisioned a judgment under section 1413 to be an adjudication of liability for negligent or careless driving. Where, as here, section 1413 is invoked by determining fault or liability for negligent...