Com. v. Belton

• Decision Date: 31 March 1967
• Citation: 352 Mass. 263,225 N.E.2d 53
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. Calvin BELTON.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 53

225 N.E.2d 53

352 Mass. 263

COMMONWEALTH v. Calvin BELTON.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued Jan. 3, 1967.

Decided March 31, 1967.

Walter Jay Skinner, Boston, for defendant.

Angelo Morello, Asst. Dist. Atty. (Paul F. Cavanaugh, Legal Asst. to the Dist. Atty., with him), for the Commonwealth.

Before WILKINS, C.J., and SPALDING, WHITTEMORE, KIRK and SPIEGEL, JJ.

SPALDING, Justice.

The defendant was indicted for the murder of Clifford Sheets, the indictment charging murder in the second degree. The jury returned a verdict of guilty. The case, having been tried subject to G.L. c. 278, §§ 33A--33G, comes here on the defendant's appeal.

The evidence was as follows: On August 15, 1965, shortly before midnight, Sheets, the night watchman, was found lying in the corridor of the fourteenth floor of the YWCA building in Boston. He was taken to a hospital where he was pronounced dead upon arrival. The death was determined to have been caused by a stab wound in the abdomen.

Four persons had observed a man in the YWCA building on the day Sheets was stabbed. Deirdre Nolan was walking down the fourteenth floor corridor to the bathroom at approximately 11:30 P.M. when a man appeared in a doorway leading from a stairway. She proceeded to the bathroom, entered a bathing cubicle, and secured the latch on the cubicle door. The man followed her to the bathroom, and she heard the bathroom door creak as she was taking her bath. Alice Deering was leaving her room on the fourteenth floor about the same time when she saw a man. She immediately went back in her room and reported his presence by telephone to the operator on duty at the YWCA switchboard. The operator asked Sheets to investigate the matter. Sheets proceeded to the fourteenth floor by elevator at approximately 11:45 P.M.

Miss Nolan, after hearing the bathroom door creak, got out of the bathtub and prepared to return to her room. While walking down the corridor she observed Sheets lying on the floor. About the same time, Arthur Cotter, an elevator operator at the YWCA, was coming on duty. While going to the employees' locker room in the basement he observed a man come through a doorway leading from a stairway to the upper stories. The man 'stood there momentarily and took a deep breath and started running' out of the building. Winifred Harris, the building manager, had observed a man running out of the YWCA Stuart Street entrance at approximately 4:15 P.M. of the same day. She had seen and talked with the same man in the basement of the building about a week earlier.

At the trial each of the four witnesses testified in regard to the identity of the man they had observed in the YWCA on August 15. Mrs. Harris positively identified the defendant as the man she had seen. Miss Nolan testified, 'I believe * * * (the defendant) is the man.' Miss Deering testified that the defendant was 'built like the same. He seems to be agile the same way the man behind the door was; but I cannot be sure it is the same one.' Cotter testified, 'I thought * * * (the man) was lighter complected. * * * (The defendant) looks something like him but I wouldn't swear to it positively.'

The defendant's assignments of error relate to (1) the denial of motions for a directed verdict, (2) rulings on evidence, and (3) certain remarks made by the prosecutor. Other evidence will be set forth hereinafter.

1. After the Commonwealth had rested and again after all the evidence had been presented, the defendant moved for directed verdicts. ¹ The motions were denied. The defendant contends that there was insufficient evidence connecting him with the crime. Assignments Nos. 4, 5, 8 and 9.

Two witnesses, as noted, identified the defendant as the man they had seen in the YWCA building on the day of the crime. Mrs. Harris also testified that she had seen the defendant in the basement of the YWCA on a previous occasion. It was brought out in cross-examination that on the morning after Sheets was stabbed Miss Nolan was asked by the police to look through a number of pictures. After having seen approximately 150, she identified one as a picture of the defendant. Later that week, Mrs. Harris was shown a picture of the defendant, and identified him as the man she had seen on two occasions in the YWCA building. The defendant contends that the identification testimony of those two witnesses was substantially weakened by the fact that neither was asked to identify the defendant in a lineup.

Miss Nolan's selection of the defendant's picture from a group of 150 alternatives appears to be at least as effective and fair an identification as selection from a lineup. We need not decide whether, if the Commonwealth had attempted to introduce in evidence Mrs. Harris's identification of the defendant's picture, it would have been admissible. Compare Palmer v. Peyton, 359 F.2d 199 (4th Cir.). Neither of the picture identifications was introduced by the Commonwealth. Both witnesses identified the defendant at the trial. These were unshaken by thorough cross-examination. The jury were entitled to give them full weight.

Two other witnesses, Cotter and Miss Deering, testified that the defendant was similar in appearance to the man they had seen in the YWCA building. The combined testimony of the four witnesses was sufficient to entitle the jury to find that the defendant was on the fourteenth floor of the YWCA shortly before midnight on August 15, 1965. Commonwealth v. Cunningham, 104 Mass. 545, 547. See Commonwealth v. Galvin, 323 Mass. 205, 214--215, 80 N.E.2d 825.

The jury could also find that the defendant was discovered on the fourteenth floor by Sheets, who had been sent there to investigate, and that to avoid apprehension he stabbed Sheets and then fled down the stairs and out through the basement. The Commonwealth was not required to present direct evidence that the defendant stabbed Sheets. The evidence tended to show that the defendant had some familiarity with the building; that having been detected in a place where he should not have been he had a motive to resist Sheets; and that, by fleeing, he was conscious of his guilt. Such circumstances warranted a belief beyond reasonable doubt that he had committed the stabbing. See Commonwealth v. Webster, 5 Cush. 295, 319; Commonwealth v. Leach, 156 Mass. 99, 101--102, 30 N.E. 163; Commonwealth v. Burke, 339 Mass. 521, 527, 159 N.E.2d 856, 77 A.L.R.2d 451. The requisite malice was implicit in the vary nature of the act. See Commonwealth v. Webster, supra, at 304; Commonwealth v. Boyajian, 344 Mass. 44, 48--49, 181 N.E.2d 577. Nor did the alibi evidence require the verdict to be directed.

2. The defendant's counsel attempted on several occasions to elicit evidence of the defendant's reputation for being a peaceful and quiet person. Testimony relating to such reputation in the community where he resided was allowed. Two witnesses were questioned relative to his reputation at his place of work for being a peaceful and quiet person. Upon the prosecutor's objections, these questions were excluded, and the defendant excepted. Assignment No. 6.

Melvin Stearn was the manager of the furniture store where the defendant was employed. The defence counsel asked: 'After having discussed this matter with your co-employees or the employees who worked for you, did * * * (the defendant) have a general reputation in the place he worked * * * for being a quiet and peaceful person?' The question was excluded. It appears from later cross-examination of Stearn that any testimony he might have offered relative to reputation would have been based upon a meeting he held with three employees shortly after the defendant was arrested. At that meeting Stearn asked the three employees 'if they knew where he went or what he does or if he had gotten into any trouble before, and if they had any trouble with him when he was working, or if they had any trouble when he was in the customers' houses. * * * (T)hey said no.' ²

The other witness who was not allowed to testify to the defendant's reputation for being peaceful and quiet was William Rutledge, the driver of the furniture store's delivery truck. Rutledge was asked: 'Have you discussed the general reputation of Calvin Belton with co-employees, as to being a peaceful and quiet person?' A. 'Yes.' Q. 'What is * * * (his) general reputation * * * for being a peaceful, quiet person?' The question was excluded. Rutledge was later recalled to the stand and the following colloquy ensued: Q. 'Prior to August 15, 1965, did you ever hear the general reputation of Calvin Belton discussed among your co-employees as to being a quiet, peaceful person * * *?' A. 'No * * *.' Q. 'Now, after September 15th, 1965, did you hear or did you participate in the discussion as to the general reputation of Calvin Belton for being a peaceful, quiet person?' A. 'Yes * * *.' Q. 'How many people were in the group when you discussed this matter * * *?' A. 'About three or four * * *.' Q. 'Now, as a result of having discussed the general reputation of Calvin Belton with your co-employees after September 15, 1965, * * * what * * * (was his) general reputation * * * for being a quiet, peaceful person?' This question was also excluded.

The rule is that 'the defendant in a criminal case may put in evidence his general good reputation in regard to the...