Com. v. Diaz
| Citation | 446 N.E.2d 415,15 Mass.App.Ct. 469 |
| Parties | COMMONWEALTH v. Rafael A. DIAZ. |
| Decision Date | 16 March 1983 |
| Court | Appeals Court of Massachusetts |
John E. Riley, Brookline (Luis G. Perez, Worcester, with him), for defendant.
Lynn Morrill Turcotte, Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Commonwealth.
Before ARMSTRONG, ROSE and PERRETTA, JJ.
The defendant was convicted of unlawfully carrying a firearm under his control in a vehicle in violation of G.L. c. 269, § 10(a ), and of setting up or promoting a lottery in violation of G.L. c. 271, § 7, following a trial in the jury of six session of a District Court. The defendant appeals from his firearms conviction only, alleging the following errors of law: (1) the denial of his motion for a required finding of not guilty; (2) the application of G.L. c. 269, § 10(a ), requiring the "carrying" of a firearm, in a situation in which the defendant was not driving the car in which the gun was discovered; and (3) the admission of a gun and a ballistics report without having a chain of custody properly established. We find no error and affirm the firearms conviction.
The only witnesses who testified at trial were two State troopers who appeared on behalf of the Commonwealth. The defendant rested at the close of the Commonwealth's case.
Trooper Welby testified that on November 21, 1981, at about 11:25 p.m., he followed a car in which the defendant was a passenger after it failed to stop at a stop sign. When Welby signalled to the car, he noticed that the defendant, who was seated alone in the back seat on the passenger side, ducked down out of view for a few seconds. When the car stopped, Welby spoke with the defendant and shined his flashlight into the car. He saw a four or five inch long, stainless steel revolver on the floor of the car situated directly in front of the defendant's feet. The defendant was placed under arrest after failing to produce a firearms identification card. Welby also spoke with the woman who was driving the car, but she was permitted to leave. The only other occupant of the car was a child who was asleep on the front seat. On cross-examination Welby testified that the car had a repair plate and that, to the best of his knowledge, it was owned by one Kenneth Brown.
Welby further testified that the defendant was taken to the police barracks where he was booked. A custodial search revealed that the defendant had about ten to fifteen betting slips on his person and $268 in cash. Welby also testified that he seized the gun found in the automobile and that it was kept in police custody before being submitted to the ballistics section of the State Police. A ballistics report, signed by Sergeant Duke, stated that the gun was turned over to the ballistics section by Trooper Nicosia. Welby testified that Nicosia is in charge of the contraband room. The report was read into the record and admitted in evidence over the defendant's objection, along with a gun which was identified by Welby as the one seized from the automobile. The report referred to a Harrington and Richardson firearm, although the complaint stated that the defendant had been carrying a Smith and Wesson firearm.
1. The defendant contends that the trial judge erred in denying his motion for a required finding of not guilty because the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, was not sufficient to satisfy a rational trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had both knowledge of the presence of a firearm and control of the firearm, two of the essential elements of the offense of carrying a firearm in violation of G.L. c. 269, § 10(a ). See Commonwealth v. Latimore, 378 Mass. 671, 676-677, 393 N.E.2d 370 (1979); Commonwealth v. Jackson, 369 Mass. 904, 916, 344 N.E.2d 166 (1976); Commonwealth v. Collins, 11 Mass.App. 583, ---, Mass.App.Ct.Adv.Sh. (1981) 624, 625, 417 N.E.2d 994. It is true that the defendant's mere presence in an automobile in which a firearm is found is not sufficient in itself to permit an inference that the defendant had knowledge of the presence of the firearm. Commonwealth v. Boone, 356 Mass. 85, 87, 248 N.E.2d 279 (1969). However, presence coupled with some additional incriminating evidence will support an inference of knowledge. Commonwealth v. Albano, 373 Mass. 132, 134, 365 N.E.2d 808 (1977).
In the instant case there was sufficient evidence to support the jury's verdict. Trooper Welby observed the defendant duck from view after Welby signalled for the vehicle to stop. The stainless steel revolver was found in plain view, directly in front of the defendant's feet. As long as there is some evidence supporting a reasonable inference of knowledge, a required finding of not guilty is improper. Commonwealth v. Albano, supra at 136, 365 N.E.2d 808. The instant case is distinguishable from Commonwealth v. Hill, 15 Mass.App.Ct. 93, 443 N.E.2d 1339 (1983), in which there was no evidence that the gun was easily visible. It is also distinguishable from Commonwealth v. Bennefield, 373 Mass. 452, 367 N.E.2d 832 (1977), where the evidence placed the defendant in the front seat of a car and the gun on the floor in the back of the car. In the instant case the defendant was alone in the back seat of the car on the passenger side, and the gun was in plain view on the floor in close proximity to his feet. "Knowledge may be inferred when the prohibited item is found in open view in an area over which the defendant has control." Commonwealth v. Albano, supra 373 Mass. at 135, 365 N.E.2d 808. The jury could reasonably infer both knowledge and control. See Commonwealth v. Crosby, 6 Mass.App.Ct. 975, 384 N.E.2d 237 (1979).
2. The defendant also contends that as matter of law the defendant cannot be guilty of "carrying" a firearm under his control in a vehicle in violation of G.L. c. 269, § 10(a ), in the absence of evidence that he was responsible for the movement of the car in which the gun was found. The word "carrying" within the meaning of G.L. c. 269, § 10(a ), has been construed as occurring when "the defendant knowingly has more than momentary possession of a working firearm and moves it from one place to another." Commonwealth v. Seay, 376 Mass. 735, 737, 383 N.E.2d 828 (1978). Commonwealth v. Atencio, 345 Mass. 627, 631, 189 N.E.2d 223 (1963). Commonwealth v. Stallions, 9 Mass.App.Ct. 23, 25, 398 N.E.2d 738 (1980). This statute has been applied to obtain convictions against passengers in automobiles. See Commonwealth v. Gizicki, 358 Mass. 291, 264 N.E.2d 672 (1970); Commonwealth v. White, 5 Mass.App.Ct. 398, 363 N.E.2d 1116 (1977). One who exercises control over a firearm which is in a moving vehicle is, in effect, responsible for the movement of the firearm even if he is not responsible for the movement of...
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