Com. v. Duhamel

• Decision Date: 15 May 1984
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. William H. DUHAMEL.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 1352

464 N.E.2d 1352

391 Mass. 841

COMMONWEALTH v. William H. DUHAMEL.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Worcester.

Argued Jan. 9, 1984.

Decided May 15, 1984.

David C. Casey, Boston, for defendant.

Lynn Morrill Turcotte, Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Commonwealth.

Before HENNESSEY, C.J., and ABRAMS, NOLAN, LYNCH and O'CONNOR, JJ.

LYNCH, Justice.

On September 23, 1981, a grand jury in Worcester county returned four indictments against the defendant. He was charged on two indictments with rape of a child under sixteen under G.L. c. 265, § 23; on one indictment with use of a telephone to make annoying calls under G.L. c. 269, § 14A; and on one indictment with intimidating a witness under G.L. c. 268, § 13B. The jury found him guilty of one of the rape charges and of the charges of intimidating a witness and using a telephone to make annoying calls. They returned a not guilty verdict on the other rape charge. The judge sentenced the defendant to three to ten years at the Massachusetts Correctional Institution, Walpole, on the rape charge and three to five years on the charge of intimidating a witness, the sentences to run concurrently. The conviction for making annoying calls was placed on file. The defendant's motion for stay of execution of sentence pending appeal was denied. We took the case on our own motion.

The defendant raises two issues on this appeal. First, he claims that he was denied effective assistance of counsel at the trial because his lawyer's failure to transcribe the tapes of the defendant's probable cause hearing made it impossible for him to impeach the prosecution's principal witnesses by means of their prior inconsistent statements. Second, he argues that a delay of one year in delivery of the trial transcript to the defendant's appellate counsel violated his rights to due process under the United States Constitution and to speedy appellate review as protected by art. 11 of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights. We find both the defendant's arguments to be without merit and we affirm his convictions.

The facts are gleaned from the trial transcript. On June 24, 1981, the defendant went into the bedroom occupied by the daughters of his fiancee. One daughter (the victim), who was twelve, was sleeping and the other (Barbara), who was fourteen, was playing her guitar. Testimony from the victim and from Barbara was that the defendant sat on or knelt by the edge of the victim's bed, rubbed her back and chest, put his hand into her shorts, and penetrated her vagina with his finger. The girls' mother testified that she had gone to the tavern downstairs to buy a six-pack of beer. When she returned to the apartment she saw the defendant, who was on his knees beside the victim's bed, jump up fast with the zipper of his trousers unzipped. At trial the defendant denied any sexual contact with the victim. He testified that he had gone into the bedroom to talk to the victim, who was angry because he had told her she could not visit her grandmother. When the victim's mother saw him, he was brushing ashes from a spilled ashtray off the bedclothes and picking up spilled cigarette butts. This incident led to the rape charge of which the defendant was convicted.

1. Ineffective assistance of counsel. The defendant claims to have been denied effective assistance of counsel at his trial because his lawyer failed to have transcribed the tapes of the probable cause hearing. As a result, the defendant contends, his lawyer could not effectively impeach the testimony of the victim, the victim's sister, and their mother with prior inconsistent statements. This contention is without merit.

The record reveals that trial counsel had had the victim's (but not Barbara's) testimony at the probable cause hearing transcribed, and that he used the transcript to impeach the victim at trial. The record also shows that counsel had taken notes of Barbara's testimony at the probable cause hearing, and used those notes to impeach her. He used the minutes of Barbara's testimony before the grand jury to attempt to refresh her recollection, but the judge refused to admit them in evidence. The judge also refused to allow counsel to play to the jury portions of the tape recording of the probable cause hearing. Neither of these evidentiary rulings was appealed. Finally, the trial testimony of the victim's mother was quite favorable to the defense. She stated that the victim only complained to her once about the defendant's behavior before June 25, 1981, which contradicted the victim's trial testimony. In light of this testimony, trial counsel could have reasonably believed it to be in his client's best interest not to undermine this witness's credibility by attempting to impeach her with inconsistent statements from the probable cause hearing.

Although there were inconsistencies between the testimony of the three principal witnesses at the trial and at the probable cause hearing, and although counsel's cross-examination would undoubtedly have been more powerful had he been prepared with a complete transcription of the probable cause hearing, his failure to transcribe the hearing testimony does not rise to such a level of incompetence as would justify reversal of the convictions. See Commonwealth v. Sielicki, 391 Mass. 377, 461 N.E.2d 1210 (1984). In order to find ineffective assistance, we would have to find that "there has been serious incompetency, inefficiency, or inattention of counsel--behavior of counsel falling measurably below that which might be expected from an ordinary fallible lawyer--and ... [that] it has likely deprived the defendant of an otherwise available, substantial ground of defence." Commonwealth v. Saferian, 366 Mass. 89, 96, 315 N.E.2d 878 (1974). In addition, "there ought to be some showing that better work might have accomplished something material for the defense." Commonwealth v. Satterfield, 373 Mass. 109, 115, 364 N.E.2d 1260 (1977). As noted above, it would have been a reasonable tactical choice for trial counsel not to impeach the victim's mother. Defense counsel had the victim's testimony at the probable cause hearing transcribed and used it for impeachment purposes. He also obtained the grand jury minutes and the statements the victim and her sister had given to the police. The ineffective assistance of counsel argument, therefore, rests upon the failure to obtain a typed transcript of Barbara's testimony at the probable cause hearing. ¹

At the time of trial, no clear precedent existed to guide counsel on the proper method of using the tape recording of the probable cause testimony. "There is no rule of law in this Commonwealth which either requires or prohibits the use of a tape recording to prove a conversation which is relevant to an issue involved in a trial. 'Tape recordings should ... be admitted if properly verified, but since the Best Evidence Rule does not apply, a witness may testify as to the conversation he overheard.' W.B. Leach & P.J. Liacos, Massachusetts Evidence 291-292 (4th ed. 1967)." Commonwealth v. Watson, 377 Mass. 814, 834, 388 N.E.2d 680 (1979). Defense counsel could have assumed on the basis of Watson that the use of the tape recording was, at least, within the sound discretion of the judge. He further might have assumed, on the basis of out-of-State precedent relied on in Watson, supra at 835, 388 N.E.2d 680, that the tape recording had greater evidential value than a transcript of its contents. E.g., Williams v. State, 93 Okl.Cr. 260, 270-271, 226 P.2d 989 (1951) (admission of a recorded interrogation "should be of much more value to the court and the jury than a confession taken in shorthand and later reduced to writing"); State v. Reyes, 209 Or. 595, 636, 308 P.2d 182 (1957) (admission of confession upheld: "Indeed, a recording has value as evidence which...