Com. v. Lyons

• Decision Date: 07 May 2008
• Docket Number: No. 07-P-42.,07-P-42.
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. Joshua LYONS.

885 N.E.2d 848

71 Mass. App. Ct. 671

COMMONWEALTH v. Joshua LYONS.

No. 07-P-42.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts, Hampden.

Argued March 11, 2008.

Decided May 7, 2008.

Craig R. Bartolomei, Monroe, CT, for the defendant.

Sidney E. Reavey, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.

Present: LENK, GELINAS, & FECTEAU, JJ.

FECTEAU, J.

The defendant appeals from a jury conviction in District Court of the offense of indecent assault and battery on a person who has attained the age of fourteen years. The defendant argues that admission of the testimony of a police officer whom the complainant told of the assault after she had previously reported it in a 911 call violated the "first complaint" rule as then newly established in Commonwealth v. King, 445 Mass 217, 834 N.E.2d 1175 (2005), cert. denied, 546 U.S. 1216, 126 S.Ct. 1433, 164 L.Ed.2d 136 (2006).¹ He also complains that an instruction that the first complaint testimony could only be used to evaluate the complainant's credibility was not contemporaneously given as required. Among other errors claimed are the judge's withdrawal of an instruction on self-defense that had been given at the defendant's request, the prosecutor's closing statements on the issue of self-defense, and the admission of evidence of prior bad acts. We reverse the conviction, set aside the verdict, and remand the case for further proceedings.

Discussion. 1. First complaint. At trial, the Commonwealth proffered evidence of more than one out-of-court statement by the complainant regarding the alleged indecent assault and battery. The complainant's first complaint was to a 911 operator on a tape-recorded telephone call made shortly after the alleged assault. This recording was played to the jury during the complainant's testimony. (The 911 operator did not testify.) Testimony followed from two police officers who responded to the complainant's 911 call. One of them, Officer Petrangelo, testified over objection to the fact and contents of the complainant's report to her of the assault and to the complainant's demeanor at the scene.

In Commonwealth v. King, supra at 218-219, 834 N.E.2d 1175, the Supreme Judicial Court announced a new rule prospectively governing the admission of the out-of-court statements of a sexual assault complainant, formerly referred to as "fresh complaint" statements, as they pertain to that complainant's credibility. The court instructed that, with certain exceptions, the first complaint can be the only complaint allowed in evidence, and testimony from multiple complaint witnesses would no longer be permitted in trials following this decision. Id. at 219, 242-244, 834 N.E.2d 1175. Exceptions to this rule have come to include when the first complaint was, in effect, not a complaint; when a sufficient showing was made that the first person told of the assault was biased against the complainant; and when the first person told of the alleged assault is unavailable, incompetent, or too young to testify meaningfully. Commonwealth v. Murungu, 450 Mass. 441, 445-446, 879 N.E.2d 99 (2008). When an exception applies, a later complaint witness's testimony may be presented in substitution for, but not in addition to, the first witness's testimony, after preliminary justification is established following an in limine or voir dire proceeding. See Commonwealth v. King, supra at 243-244, 834 N.E.2d 1175; Commonwealth v. Murungu, supra.

The Commonwealth argues, notwithstanding the lack of prior authorization, that it was rightly permitted to present Officer Petrangelo's testimony because the admitted tape of the complainant's 911 call provided comparably less information of the surrounding circumstances, including the complainant's demeanor. Contrary to that suggestion, however, in Commonwealth v. Murungu, 450 Mass. at 446, 879 N.E.2d 99, the court explained that "these exceptions to the first complaint doctrine" do not amount to a relaxation of the rule "so that the Commonwealth may pick and choose among various complaint witnesses to locate the one with the most complete memory, the one to whom the complainant related the most details, or the one who is likely to be the most effective witness." Additionally, in Commonwealth v. Stuckich, 450 Mass. 449, 455-456, 879 N.E.2d 105 (2008), the court held that a letter written by the complainant can and should be considered the "first complaint" if it came first in time. If so, "that is the end of the matter." Id. at 456, 879 N.E.2d 105. There is no question that the complainant made the 911 call before talking with Officer Petrangelo. Nor do the parties contest that the 911 call was properly admitted as the complainant's first complaint evidence.

Despite the Commonwealth's assertion that Officer Petrangelo was the first "live" witness, it did not seek to substitute her testimony for the 911 call. Moreover, the tape recording of this call did contain evidence of the complainant's demeanor, emphasized to the jury during the prosecutor's closing: "You heard the tape that was entered into evidence.... [Y]ou can hear what she sounded like. She was upset. She said she felt she was violated. She was crying. The officers both testified what her demeanor was when they arrived on the scene." Accordingly, it was error to allow Officer Petrangelo to testify as an additional complaint witness.²

In this case, wherein credibility was of central importance we cannot be sure "that the error did not influence the jury, or had but very slight effect." Commonwealth v. Flebotte, 417 Mass. 348, 353, 630 N.E.2d 265 (1994), quoting from Commonwealth v. Peruzzi, 15 Mass.App.Ct. 437, 445, 446 N.E.2d 117 (1983). The defendant testified that he had not touched the complainant as she had described. There were no other witnesses who testified that they had seen the alleged touching. The presentation of the officer's testimony in addition to the 911 tape "likely serve[d] no additional corroborative purpose," and may have unfairly enhanced the complainant's credibility and prejudiced the defendant. Commonwealth v. King, supra at 243, 834 N.E.2d 1175. In that vein, the judge should also have given a limiting instruction contemporaneous with the admission of any first complaint testimony.³ Finally, this was not a jury-waived trial, where we would "presume that the judge was not affected, as a jury might be, by the testimony of two complaint witnesses." Commonwealth v. Murungu, supra at 448, 879 N.E.2d 99. Thus, we find prejudicial error in the admission of the officer's testimony and we reverse on that basis.⁴ However, we also address the next issue, which may arise in the event of a retrial.

2. Withdrawal of the instruction on self-defense. At the defendant's request, and without objection by the prosecutor, the judge instructed on self-defense. Later, but prior to the start of jury deliberations, the prosecutor objected to the instruction, apparently on the ground that self-defense is not a defense to the charge of indecent assault and battery. Following argument on this point, the trial judge withdrew the instruction from the jury's consideration. No defense objection appears on the record before us.

The prosecutor's contention, apparently accepted by the trial judge, is that self-defense is only available to one charged with assault and battery, not indecent assault and battery. This ignores two salient factors. First, at the Commonwealth's request, the jury were given an instruction on assault and battery as a lesser included offense to the charge of indecent assault and battery, a charge to which self-defense clearly applies, as the Commonwealth conceded both in its closing argument at...