Com. v. Russell

• Decision Date: 24 April 1995
• Docket Number: No. 93-P-1775,93-P-1775
• Citation: 38 Mass.App.Ct. 199,646 N.E.2d 760
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. Mark R. RUSSELL.
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts

Page 760

646 N.E.2d 760

38 Mass.App.Ct. 199

COMMONWEALTH v. Mark R. RUSSELL.

No. 93-P-1775.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts Middlesex.

Argued Oct. 17, 1994.

Decided Feb. 28, 1995.

Further Appellate Review Denied April 24, 1995.

Dana A. Curhan, Boston, for defendant.

Marian Ryan, Asst. Dist. Atty., for Com.

Before ARMSTRONG, SMITH and GREENBERG, JJ.

SMITH, Justice.

A grand jury indicted the defendant for murder in the second degree and, after a six-day trial, a jury convicted the defendant of that crime. On appeal, the defendant raises four issues. None of them has any merit.

1. Denial of motion for required finding. On October 28, 1991, the victim, while walking on Market Street in Lowell, was struck and killed by an automobile operated by the defendant. The defendant claims that the denial of his motion for a required finding of not guilty was error because the evidence was insufficient to establish that the victim's death was other than accidental.

We review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth. Commonwealth v. Latimore, 378 Mass. 671, 676-678, 393 N.E.2d 370 (1979). The defendant and the victim, a young woman, were acquainted. One or two nights before she was killed, the victim was standing on Market Street when the defendant drove up in his automobile, got out and approached the victim. He asked the victim to go with him. The victim asked the defendant if he had any money. He told her that he did not but because they were friends, he wanted her to go with him anyway. The victim responded that she was not there to make friends. They then walked to the side of a building where they argued for about two minutes. A slapping sound was heard and the victim ran across the street holding her face. The defendant jumped into his automobile and drove away.

On October 28, shortly before she was killed, the victim walked into a restaurant located on Market Street and had a drink. The defendant was seated at the bar, about twenty feet from the victim. The defendant looked in her direction, looked back at the bartender, looked down, made a noise and "kind of snarled."

The victim left the restaurant about ten minutes after she arrived; the defendant two minutes later. After she left the restaurant, the victim met a friend. The friend testified that the victim was eating from a bag of cheese curls and that she appeared to be angry and upset. When the victim and her friend finished talking, the two headed off in separate directions on Market Street. Moments later, the victim's friend heard the sound of a speeding car. As it passed her, she saw that the defendant was the operator. The friend then looked back down the street to see whether the victim had heard the automobile and observed that the victim was on the sidewalk.

The defendant passed the victim, driving at about thirty to forty miles per hour. He then looped into two parking lots, accelerated the engine, drove up onto the sidewalk and struck the victim with the right front quarter of his automobile. The engine was accelerating during the entire maneuver. Before he struck her, the defendant did not slow, brake or stop.

After striking the victim, the automobile accelerated and the defendant drove around the block, then came back to the scene and stopped just behind the victim's body. He left his automobile, opened the trunk, pulled off latex gloves and threw the gloves in the trunk. The defendant then put on another pair of latex gloves that he had obtained from the back seat of his automobile.

When the ambulance personnel arrived, they found the victim's body lying in the street. They were surprised, considering the victim's injuries, not to find blood under the body. A pool of what appeared to be blood was discovered a couple of feet closer to the curb than the victim's body. The defendant's car had cheese curls stuck to the hood and windshield. It also had damage to its right front side. The victim died of a skull fracture and other injuries to her brain.

"[A] conviction of murder in the second degree requires proof of malice." Commonwealth v. Batchelder, 407 Mass. 752, 760, 555 N.E.2d 876 (1990). The defendant argues that the Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence of malice to satisfy the required finding standard.

"If in the circumstances known to the defendant a reasonably prudent person would have known of the plain and strong likelihood that death would follow a contemplated act, malice may be found without any actual intent to kill or to do grievous bodily harm and without any foresight by the defendant of such consequences." Commonwealth v. Grey, 399 Mass. 469, 472 n. 4, 505 N.E.2d 171 (1987). Here, there was evidence that the defendant drove up on the sidewalk and without stopping or slowing down struck the victim with his automobile. Such conduct "would have given a reasonably prudent person notice that there was a plain and strong likelihood that a collision causing death would follow." Commonwealth v. Cherubin, 35 Mass.App.Ct. 919, 920, 620 N.E.2d 797 (1993).

Further, the jury could reasonably infer from the evidence of the parties' stormy relationship that the defendant intentionally struck the victim with his automobile. "A fatal blow purposefully and wrongfully inflicted and not the product of chance or the frailty of human nature is malicious and murderous." Commonwealth v. Casale, 381 Mass. 167, 172, 408 N.E.2d 841 (1980).

In sum, the judge did not commit error in denying the defendant's motion for a required finding of not guilty. ¹

2. Evidentiary rulings. The victim's friend whom the victim met as she left the restaurant testified for the Commonwealth. She was asked about her observations of the victim when she met her outside the restaurant. The defendant objected, and the objection was overruled. The witness responded that "[the victim] looked real angry, she looked real upset...." In response to another question on the same matter, which was the subject of an objection, also overruled, the witness testified that "I saw [the victim] coming out, and I waved to her and she looked real angry." There was no error.

"Witnesses may ... describe the emotional, mental, or physical condition of another in terms of summary description." Liacos, Handbook of Massachusetts Evidence § 7.5, at 370 (6th ed. 1994). The evidence was relevant because itadded to the previous evidence of a stormy relationship between the victim and the defendant.

A third question asked the witness was whether the victim had told her what was bothering the victim. The witness responded, "Yes," and started to relate what the victim had told her. There was an objection, which was sustained. The defendant argues that the prosecutor committed reversible error because, even though the judge sustained the objection, the excluded question brought to the jury's attention an unsworn statement of the victim. We disagree. The witness responded affirmatively to the prosecutor's question whether the victim had told her what was bothering her. There was nothing in the prosecutor's question that conveyed to the jury the contents of the conversation between the witness and the victim. Here, any prejudicial effects were neutralized adequately by the prompt striking of the answer.

The defendant also claims that the judge committed reversible error when he refused to allow the defendant to cross-examine a Commonwealth's witness as to whether she was still addicted to drugs and whether she had used drugs the day she testified.

The witness...