Com. v. Scalley

• Decision Date: 14 December 1983
• Citation: 17 Mass.App.Ct. 224,457 N.E.2d 298
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. John J. SCALLEY.
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts

Page 298

457 N.E.2d 298

17 Mass.App.Ct. 224

COMMONWEALTH v. John J. SCALLEY.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts,

Middlesex.

Argued April 19, 1983.

Decided Dec. 14, 1983.

Edward J. McCormick, III, Boston, for defendant.

Ellen Lewis Bane, Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Commonwealth.

Before BROWN, ROSE and DREBEN, JJ.

ROSE, Justice.

The defendant was convicted of assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon (shod foot), G.L. c. 265, § 15A, and assault with intent to commit rape, G.L. c. 265, § 24, on April 13, 1982. The defendant appeals, contending that: (1) the Commonwealth delayed in disclosing allegedly exculpatory evidence, thus denying him due process of law, see Commonwealth v. Wilson, 381 Mass. 90, 107, 407 N.E.2d 1229 (1980); (2) the trial judge abused his discretion in allowing the Commonwealth to call a witness whose name was not disclosed prior to trial, in violation of a discovery agreement, see Mass.R.Crim.P. 14(c), 378 Mass. 880-881 (1979); and (3) the trial judge erred in allowing the Commonwealth to use the defendant's prior kidnapping conviction to impeach his testimony. We affirm the convictions.

The Commonwealth presented evidence tending to show the following. On the evening of November 24, 1980, the complainant, a woman in her late twenties, went to a bar in the Davis Square area of Somerville with a man named Paul. ¹ At the bar, the complainant unintentionally created some antagonism between herself and another female patron, known to her only as "Audrey." The two stepped outside where Audrey struck the complainant in the face and knocked her to the ground. After this incident, the complainant had a disagreement with Paul and left to walk to her home in the Central Square area of Cambridge at approximately 1:00 or 1:30 A.M. At that time, her face appeared "normal".

While the complainant was walking along Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge, between Porter Square and Harvard Square, she noticed a green sedan driven by the defendant pass her several times. Finally, the complainant approached the car and told or shouted at the defendant to leave her alone. Shortly thereafter she began to run, attempting to evade the defendant by running along side streets and alleys. The defendant abruptly stopped his car at a curb, causing the tires to screech, alighted, and followed the complainant. He came up behind her in a floodlit alley behind an apartment building and grabbed her coat collar. To the complainant's question, "What do you want?" the defendant responded, "You know what I want." He struck her and she fell or was knocked to the ground. The complainant screamed loudly and constantly and attempted to kick the defendant while she lay on the ground. The complainant's screaming awakened several residents in the apartment building, one of whom went to a window and witnessed the defendant kicking the complainant in the area of the ribs and abdomen while she lay on the ground. At least two other residents summoned the police. The struggle between the defendant and the complainant was halted by a passerby who had observed the defendant follow the complainant behind the apartment building, heard the complainant's screams, and hurried to the scene. He apprehended the defendant and the complainant fled, still screaming. The passerby restrained the defendant until the police arrived. There was evidence that, at some point during the incident, the complainant's dress was ripped nearly in half.

The defendant, testifying in his own defense, offered the following account of his encounter with the complainant. While the defendant was driving along Massachusetts Avenue, the complainant attracted his attention because her face was "shady red and puffy" and her gait, irregular. He drove past her a few times and stopped to see whether she needed a ride or help. When he stopped, the complainant approached the car, screamed at him, scratched his face, and reached into the car in an attempt to pilfer personal or business papers, or so the defendant thought. Then she walked away. The defendant stopped his car and followed the complainant into an alley behind an apartment building to retrieve his papers. The defendant was referring to those papers when he told the complainant, "You know what I want." He slapped the complainant's face only once, after she had struck him, and at no time did he kick her. He did not rip her dress.

The defendant called the passerby as a witness. The passerby corroborated that portion of the defendant's testimony indicating that the complainant's face appeared bruised before her encounter with the defendant behind the apartment building. His testimony was otherwise basically consistent with the evidence presented by the Commonwealth. ²

1. The defendant contends that despite his timely request, the Commonwealth delayed the disclosure of certain exculpatory evidence which, if disclosed sooner, would have enabled him to prepare a defense creating a reasonable doubt which did not otherwise exist. ³ See Commonwealth v. Wilson, 381 Mass. at 114, 407 N.E.2d 1229; Commonwealth v. St. Germain, 381 Mass. 256, 263, 408 N.E.2d 1358 (1980). Specifically, the defendant contends that the Commonwealth knew that "Audrey" was the first name of the person who assailed the complainant earlier on the evening of the alleged crimes, ⁴ but failed to disclose that to the defendant until the beginning of trial. ⁵ Earlier disclosure of this evidence, the defendant asserts, would have enabled him to locate the earlier assailant and secure her testimony that she, not the defendant, had caused all of the complainant's documented injuries, thus entirely exculpating the defendant of any assault and battery upon the complainant. ⁶

We consider, first, whether disclosure of the first name of the earlier assailant was constitutionally required in the absence of a specific request. ⁷ See United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 106-107, 96 S.Ct. 2392, 2398-2399, 49 L.Ed.2d 342 (1976). Disclosure was required if, in light of the entire record, the evidence in question was "capable of creating 'a reasonable doubt that did not otherwise exist.' " Commonwealth v. Wilson, 381 Mass. at 110, 407 N.E.2d 1229, quoting from United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 112, 96 S.Ct. at 2401. See Commonwealth v. Pisa, 372 Mass. 590, 594-595, 363 N.E.2d 245, cert. denied, 434 U.S. 869, 98 S.Ct. 210, 54 L.Ed.2d 147 (1977). "If there is no reasonable doubt about guilt whether or not the additional evidence is considered, there is no justification for a new trial. On the other hand, if the verdict is already of questionable validity, additional evidence of relatively minor importance might be sufficient to create a reasonable doubt." United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 112-113, 96 S.Ct. at 2402.

In light of the compelling weight of the Commonwealth's case against the defendant, the evidence in question was not capable of creating a reasonable doubt about the defendant's guilt. See Commonwealth v. Wilson, 381 Mass. at 110-112, 407 N.E.2d 1229; Commonwealth v. St. Germain, 381 Mass. at 263-265, 408 N.E.2d 1358. The Commonwealth presented several disinterested witnesses, one of whom, under excellent lighting conditions, from a short distance above, observed the defendant kicking the prostrate complainant in the region of the ribs and abdomen. Even if the defendant had known more details of the earlier altercation, this would not have created any doubt about the defendant's subsequent assault and battery on the complainant with his shod foot. Since evidence of the earlier altercation was introduced at trial and previously known to the defendant, the first name of the assailant added nothing material. The name was "... embellishing of facts otherwise known to the defense." United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 109 n. 16, 96 S.Ct. at 2400 n. 16, quoting from Giles v. Maryland, 386 U.S. 66, 98, 87 S.Ct. 793, 809, 17 L.Ed.2d 737 (1967) (Fortas, J., concurring).

Because we conclude that disclosure of the evidence in question was not constitutionally required in the absence of a specific request, see United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 107-108, 96 S.Ct. at 2399-2400; Commonwealth v. Wilson, 381 Mass. at 109, 407 N.E.2d 1229, there is no need to consider the effect, if any, of the delay in disclosure. See United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 112-114, 96 S.Ct. at 2401-2402; Commonwealth v. Adrey, 376 Mass. 747, 754-755, 383 N.E.2d 1110 (1978); Commonwealth v. Wilson, 381 Mass. at 114, 407 N.E.2d 1229. However, we note that defense counsel made good use of all of the evidence relating to the earlier incident in final argument, suggesting to the jury that the complainant was attempting to hold the defendant responsible for an assault and battery committed by a "mystery woman" named Audrey. Cf. Commonwealth v. Adrey, 376 Mass. at 755, 383 N.E.2d 1110; Commonwealth v. St. Germain, 381 Mass. at 265, 408 N.E.2d 1358.

2. The defendant contends that the trial judge abused his discretion in allowing the Commonwealth to call a witness whose name was not disclosed to the defendant prior to trial, in violation of a pretrial discovery agreement incorporated in a pretrial conference report. ⁸ The witness in question is Sarah Bulger, a resident of the apartment building abutting the alley where the crimes allegedly took place.

The Commonwealth included Bulger's name on the list of witnesses submitted to the court and defense counsel on the day that the jury were empaneled. Defense counsel objected four days later, when Bulger was called to the stand. ⁹ The Commonwealth represented that its first knowledge of Bulger came when she appeared in court with her mother, who was to be a witness, on the day that the jury were empaneled; that it had decided to call Bulger as a witness on that day; and that it had promptly disclosed its intention to defense counsel that same day. The trial judge overruled the defendant's objection.

Bulger offered testimony that, on...