Commissioner of Revenue v. SCA Disposal Services of New England, Inc.

• Decision Date: 05 June 1981
• Citation: 421 N.E.2d 766,383 Mass. 734
• Parties: COMMISSIONER OF REVENUE v. SCA DISPOSAL SERVICES OF NEW ENGLAND, INC.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 766

421 N.E.2d 766

383 Mass. 734

COMMISSIONER OF REVENUE v. SCA DISPOSAL SERVICES OF NEW ENGLAND, INC.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued April 8, 1981.

Decided June 5, 1981.

Linda M. Irvin, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the taxpayer.

Jane D. Kaplan, Boston, for Commissioner of Revenue.

Before HENNESSEY, C. J., and BRAUCHER, WILKINS, LIACOS and NOLAN, JJ.

WILKINS, Justice.

As a result of an agreement of merger, entered into pursuant to G.L. c. 156B, § 78, and filed with the Secretary of the Commonwealth on April 6, 1972, four wholly owned subsidiaries of SCA Services, Inc., were merged into a fifth wholly owned subsidiary, SCA Disposal Services of New England, Inc. (SCA), the appellee in this case. The horizontal merger of the subsidiaries, which was prompted by licensing requirements of the Department of Public Utilities, resulted in the transfer to SCA of motor vehicles from three of the liquidated subsidiaries. Each subsidiary was engaged in the business of waste removal. The Commissioner of Revenue's (Commissioner) predecessor, the State Tax Commission (commission) (see St.1978, c. 514, §§ 5 and 287), assessed a use tax as a result of the transfer of the vehicles. SCA paid the tax and sought an abatement which, in effect, the commission denied. SCA then appealed to the Appellate Tax Board (board). After this court's determination of a procedural issue in SCA's favor (see SCA Disposal Servs. of New England, Inc. v. State Tax Comm'n, 375 Mass. 338, 376 N.E.2d 572 (1978)), the board in a carefully reasoned decision granted the abatement, concluding that nothing of value had been given and no taxable transaction had occurred. The commissioner has appealed to this court. We affirm the decision of the board.

The commissioner asserts that the transfer of ownership of the motor vehicles created an obligation to pay the excise imposed, pursuant to G.L. c. 64I, § 2, inserted by St.1967, c. 757, § 2, on the use in the Commonwealth of tangible personal property "purchased" from any vendor for use within the Commonwealth. ¹ A purchase for the purposes of the use tax, is defined as "(a)ny transfer of title or possession, or both ... in any manner or by any means whatsoever, of tangible personal property for a consideration " (emphasis added). G.L. c. 64I, § 1(2)(a ), inserted by St.1967, c. 757, § 2. The use tax is a percentage of the sales price of the property. G.L. c. 64I, § 2.

The battle lines in the case are drawn on the question whether there was consideration for the transfer within the meaning of the words "for a consideration" in G.L. c. 64I, § 1(2)(a ). The merger, and the transfer of ownership of the motor vehicles, took place by operation of law. G.L. c. 156B, § 80(a )(5). There was no sales price as such. The merger agreement recited that the plan of reorganization was made "in consideration of the benefits to be derived from such a plan" and was under seal. We do not read G.L. c. 64I, § 1(2)(a ), as incorporating, undiluted, the concept of consideration as applied in the law of contracts to determine whether there was consideration sufficient to support a contract. See Long Mfg. Co. v. Johnson, 264 N.C. 12, 17-18, 140 S.E.2d 744 (1965). A seal and the recitation of consideration often serve as technical substitutes for actual consideration moving from one party to another. See Johnson v. Norton Hous. Auth., 375 Mass. 192, 193, 194-195, 375 N.E.2d 1209 (1978). In such situations, there is no consideration that would produce a "sales price" within the meaning of the use tax. The surviving subsidiary obviously received something of value, but there was no transfer for a consideration flowing to the putative sellers merely because of the use of a seal or the recitation of consideration.

The commissioner argues that the appellee, the surviving subsidiary, could have purchased the vehicles directly from the subsidiaries whose motor vehicles were to be transferred to the appellee and, in such a case, a use tax would clearly have been payable. The argument is that consideration should be found in the Federal tax advantage that flowed from the tax-free reorganization under § 368(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code. The transferring subsidiaries, the alleged sellers, were dissolved at the moment the merger occurred. They received no tax benefit from the transaction. If the tax benefit to the parent corporation can be considered in determining whether there was a transfer for consideration, it hardly produces a sales price on which a tax could be calculated. Allocation of the tax benefit among transferred assets would be a most difficult task. There is no implied contract of sale in a statutory merger. See Frank Amodio Moving & Storage Co. v. Connelly, 144 Conn. 569, 571-572, 135 A.2d 737 (1957). In any event, the tax benefit received by a parent through a tax-free reorganization, lawfully adopted to avoid the imposition of Federal income tax, is not consideration for the transfer of motor vehicles within the meaning of G.L. c. 64I, § 1(2)(a ). Similarly, the fact that the merger was undertaken voluntarily to comply with requirements of the Department of Public...