Commonwealth v. Hogue

• Docket Number: 1727 EDA 2021,J-A13027-22
• Decision Date: 15 August 2022
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA v. DON CARVICA HOGUE Appellant
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court

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COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA v. DON CARVICA HOGUE Appellant

No. 1727 EDA 2021

No. J-A13027-22

Superior Court of Pennsylvania

August 15, 2022

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 19, 2021 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0006741-2014

BEFORE: OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM

DUBOW J.

Don Carvica Hogue ("Appellant") appeals from the Order entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas denying without a hearing his petition filed pursuant to the Post-Conviction Relief Act ("PCRA"), 42 Pa.C.S §§ 9541-46. He asserts that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to object to the admission of an audio recording. After careful review, we affirm.

We glean the relevant facts and procedural history from the PCRA court's December 10, 2021 Opinion filed pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a). On March 3, 2017, the trial court sentenced Appellant to, inter alia, a term of incarceration of life without parole after a jury found him guilty of First-Degree Aggravated Assault-Serious Bodily Injury and other offenses.^[1] This Court affirmed the judgment of sentence on August 5, 2019, in a non-precedential decision. Commonwealth v. Hogue, No. 1049 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. filed Aug. 5, 2019).

On September 27, 2019, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition. The court appointed counsel, who filed an amended petition asserting trial counsel's ineffectiveness for failing to object to the admission of a portion of a tape recording of a phone call that Appellant had with his daughter, Rashada Siojo, which had been broadcasted over Ms. Siojo's vehicle's Bluetooth system as she drove herself, her brother, and her mother, who was Appellant's paramour, away from Appellant's home. The court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice on June 10, 2021. Appellant did not respond to the notice. The court dismissed the Petition on August 19, 2021.

Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal. Both Appellant and the court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

In his brief, Appellant raises three issues asserting that the court erred in dismissing his petition without a hearing because trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel when:

A. He failed to object to the admission of the taped conversation between Rashada Siojo and [Appellant] that allegedly took place on March 17, 2014. i) The chain of custody for the taped conversation was not established;

ii) The taped conversation could not be authenticated; and

iii) The taped conversation violated the Wiretap Act further delineated in 18 Pa.C.S. § 5703, and the exception found in 18 Pa.C.S. § 5704(17) is not applicable to the facts at hand.

Appellant's Brief at 6-7.

We review an order denying a petition for collateral relief to determine whether the PCRA court's decision is supported by the evidence of record and free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Jarosz, 152 A.3d 344, 350 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citing Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 803 (Pa. 2014)). "This Court grants great deference to the findings of the PCRA court if the record contains any support for those findings." Commonwealth v. Anderson, 995 A.2d 1184, 1189 (Pa. Super. 2010). To be eligible for relief under the PCRA, a petitioner must establish, inter alia, that his conviction or sentence resulted from one or more of the enumerated errors or defects found in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2), which include, relevant to this appeal, the ineffective assistance of counsel. 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9543(a)(2)(ii). In addition, a petitioner must establish that the issues raised in the PCRA petition have not been previously litigated or waived, and that "the failure to litigate the issue prior to or during trial, during unitary review or on direct appeal could not have been the result of any rational, strategic or tactical decision by counsel." Id. at § 9543(a)(3), (a)(4).

There is no right to a PCRA hearing; a hearing is unnecessary where the PCRA court can determine from the record that there are no genuine issues of material fact. Commonwealth v. Jones, 942 A.2d 903, 906 (Pa. Super. 2008). "With respect to the PCRA court's decision to deny a request for an evidentiary hearing, or to hold a limited evidentiary hearing, such a decision is within the discretion of the PCRA court and will not be overturned absent an abuse of discretion." Commonwealth v. Mason, 130 A.3d 601, 617 (Pa. 2015).

We presume that counsel has rendered effective assistance. Commonwealth v. Bickerstaff, 204 A.3d 988, 992 (Pa. Super. 2019). In order to overcome the presumption that counsel has provided effective assistance, a petitioner must establish that: (1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel lacked a reasonable basis for his act or omission; and (3) petitioner suffered actual prejudice. Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381, 390 (Pa. 2021). "Appellant bears the burden of proving each of these elements, and his failure to satisfy any prong of the ineffectiveness test requires rejection of the claim of ineffectiveness." See Jarosz, 152 A.3d at 350.

Each of Appellant's claims challenge the admission of a partial recording of a telephone conversation that Appellant had with Ms. Sioja while she travelled in a vehicle with her mother and her younger brother.^[2] The PCRA court observed:

During the June 17, 2016 evidentiary hearing [on Appellant's suppression motion], Rashada Siojo had been subjected to direct and cross-examination concerning her memory of Appellant's verbal admissions both on and off the recording and the unique circumstances surrounding the partial recording of her chaotic quarrels with her father, the Appellant; she testified that all of the conversations had been broadcasted via Bluetooth speaker in the presence of her brother and her mother Lolita Moore, Appellant's paramour, while all of them traveled in Ms. Siojo's vehicle to escape the Appellant's wrath and potential violence.

Notably, Ms. Siojo had driven to Appellant's residence after unrecorded verbal exchanges during which Appellant had said to her and her mom, Ms. Moore,^[3] that he had critically stabbed a man over a lighter on the avenue. Ms. Moore's daughter reported that she had been quite fearful for the safety of herself and her mother particularly after Appellant had demanded that Ms. Moore handle and dispose of the knife that he had used in the stabbing. She testified during the motion that she had independently decided to use her brother's cell phone to record part of the telephone conversation because of her well-founded safety fears. She further acknowledged in her verbatim statements provided to law enforcement that she had provided the recording simultaneously to law enforcement investigators after she had driven her family members and herself from Appellant's home to the police station in a panicked state.

PCRA Ct. Op., 12/10/21, at 10-11.^[4]

Appellant first contends that counsel provided ineffective assistance by not challenging the admission of the taped conversation on the basis of the Commonwealth's failure to establish chain of custody. Appellant's Br. at 26. He argues that the Commonwealth presented no evidence "as to which police officer initially received the phone and taped conversation of March 17, 2014, from Siojo's brother" and proffered no evidence "that the phone and taped conversation was even in the possession of the Commonwealth from the time it was taken to the time of trial." Id. at 27. Appellant next contends that counsel erred in failing to object to the admission of the taped conversation because it could not be authenticated. Id. at 27-28. Finally, Appellant contends that counsel should have objected to the admission of the tape recording because the telephone was used as a recording device and was, therefore, included in the Wiretap Act's definition of an "electronic, mechanical or other device," and the recording made with Ms. Sioja's brother's cell phone was not subject to the exception provided in 18 Pa.C.S. 5704(17) because the brother was not a victim or witness. Id. at 28-30. He concludes that "[b]ut for Counsel's inactions, the outcome of the proceeding would have been different, and he would have been found not guilty." Id. at 31.

The PCRA court concluded that no PCRA hearing was required because the issues raised had been vigorously litigated before and during trial.

Appellant's claims as raised within the PCRA filings remain factually flawed and legally unsound because Appellant's trial counsel had vigorously objected to the admission of the referenced evidence within the pre-trial evidentiary hearing concerning his motion to suppress and associated motion in limine that had been conducted on June 17, 2016. Appellant's trial counsel also raised a similar objection to introduction [of]the same recorded portion of the conversation during trial.

Tr. Ct. Op., dated 12/20/21, at 7.

The Hon. Anne Marie B. Coyle has authored a comprehensive thorough, and well-reasoned Opinion addressing each issue Appellant raises in this appeal with citation to and discussion of the record and relevant case law. See, e.g., id., at 13-18 (discussing, inter alia, Ms. Siojo's testimony at trial identifying her voice and Appellant's voice from the recording, the admission of a photograph of the brother's cell phone, and "admitted documents [that] additionally and independently verified authenticity and chain of custody of all prosecution evidence including the recording at issue"); at 18-25 (addressing the Wiretap Act, 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 5703, 5704(17), and relevant case law, observing that (1) a telephone is exempt from the Act, factually distinguishing Commonwealth v. Smith, 136 A.3d 170, 178 (Pa. Super. 2016); (...