Commonwealth v. Martinez

• Decision Date: 29 October 2014
• Docket Number: No. 11–P–2063.,11–P–2063.
• Citation: 86 Mass.App.Ct. 545,18 N.E.3d 694
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. Jose MARTINEZ.

86 Mass.App.Ct. 545

18 N.E.3d 694

COMMONWEALTH

v.Jose MARTINEZ.

No. 11–P–2063.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued April 10, 2014.

Decided Oct. 29, 2014.

David Shaughnessy, Boston, for the defendant.

Sarah H. Montgomery, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.

Present: GRAINGER, RUBIN, & HANLON, JJ.

Opinion

HANLON

, J.

The defendant, Jose Martinez, citing Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 L.Ed.2d 284 (2010)

(Padilla ), appeals from the denial, without a hearing, of his motion for a new trial on the grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel, and from the denial of his motion for reconsideration. The significant issue is the appropriate weight to be given to a defendant's failure to produce an affidavit from plea counsel, when the defendant makes a substantial showing that he attempted to obtain such an affidavit and counsel refused to respond. In the circumstances of this case, the defendant was entitled to an evidentiary hearing, with an opportunity

to secure plea counsel's presence by subpoena and for the judge to determine any credibility issues based on live testimony. Accordingly, we vacate the orders denying the defendant's motions for new trial and for reconsideration and remand the matter for an evidentiary hearing.

Background. On May 3, 1999, the defendant pleaded guilty in the Superior Court to distribution of a class B controlled substance, in violation of G.L. c. 94C, § 32A(a )

(count one),¹ and conspiracy to violate the Controlled Substances Act, in violation of G.L. c. 94C, § 40 (count two).² The judge gave the “immigration warning” required by G.L. c. 278, § 29D, and then asked the defendant where he was born. The defendant answered that he was born in Guatemala, and the judge responded, “I have no way of knowing what the consequences will be in terms of deportation and all. That's up to the Federal Naturalization Service and not anything I can control. You understand you're running the risk, though?” The defendant responded, “Yes.”

The judge then accepted the plea, finding that the defendant was “alert and intelligent and that his plea [was] made voluntarily with full knowledge of its consequences.” He imposed a sentence of two years in a house of correction, with six months to serve and the balance suspended, and two years of probation from and after the incarceration. Count two, the conspiracy charge, was placed on file with the defendant's consent. Six months later, on October 12, 1999, the defendant was deported.

On September 6, 2011, the defendant filed a motion for a new trial, seeking to withdraw his guilty plea on the grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel. In his motion, the defendant alleged that at the time of the plea, “he was affirmatively misinformed by his counsel that the plea and agreed upon sentence would not affect his status as a permanent resident in the United States.” The motion was accompanied by two affidavits, one

signed by the defendant and one by Migdalia Garcia, the mother of his four children. The defendant's affidavit stated that his attorney had “told [him] that [he] would not be deported because [he] would not serve more than one year of committed time under the agreed-upon plea. Specifically, [the attorney] stated to the [defendant]: ‘This is between the Superior Court and you. Immigration has nothing to do with it.’ ” The defendant continued that, although the plea judge had warned that his plea “could have immigration consequences, [he] understood from the conversation with [his] attorney that those consequences would not apply in [his] case.”

The defendant's affidavit also stated that he came to the United States in 1977 at the age of seven, and he attended middle school and high school in Boston. At the time of the plea, he was a permanent resident of the United States, he was employed, and he had three children who were United States citizens. His whole family was “here,” and he had “no significant ties to any other country.” Garcia's affidavit corroborated the defendant's assertion that the attorney had “specifically told [the defendant] that he would not be deported as a result of pleading guilty in this case, which was the determining factor to his decision to plead guilty.” In fact, the plea was grounds for deportation, and the defendant was deported in October, 1999, as a result of the conviction.³

The defendant also submitted a third affidavit from one Wendy Wayne, an attorney who described herself as “an immigration law specialist with the Committee for Public Counsel Services.” In her affidavit, Wayne explained that under Federal law, “all Massachusetts controlled substance offenses other than straight possession” were considered “aggravated felonies.”⁴ See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(B) (2012)

. However, Wayne also stated that some other offenses, including crimes of violence and theft offenses, “become aggravated felonies only upon a conviction AND the imposition of a one year sentence.” See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(F), (J), (R), (S) (2012). In Wayne's experience, “it is a common misperception among criminal defense attorneys that keeping a committed sentence under one year on any offense will avoid an aggravated felony.”

The Commonwealth opposed the defendant's motion. Although conceding that “[h]ere, as in Padilla, it was ‘truly clear’ that the defendant's crime would render him deportable,” the Commonwealth nonetheless maintained that there was no support for the defendant's position, as his own affidavit was “wholly self-serving”; Garcia's affidavit was “replete with hearsay, and ... merely repeat[ed] what plea counsel and the defendant allegedly discussed prior to the plea”; and Wayne's affidavit was irrelevant, “as she lack[ed] personal knowledge of the defendant's case.” “Most importantly, ” according to the Commonwealth, “an affidavit from [plea counsel] is suspiciously absent. Without plea counsel's affidavit, [the judge] cannot assess any aspect of his advice to the defendant. Thus, the defendant cannot meet his burden of proving that ‘counsel's representation “fell below an objective standard of reasonableness” ’ ” (emphasis supplied).

On November 2, 2011, a judge who was not the plea judge denied the defendant's motion without a hearing. She described the plea judge's discussion of the issue of deportation at the plea colloquy as “painstaking,” and observed that “[i]f the defendant was confused between the advice of counsel and the judge's explanation he would have made inquiry as he did with another issue.” She noted the absence of an affidavit from plea counsel and described the defendant's affidavit as “self-serving” and

Garcia's affidavit as “hearsay.” The judge also stated that Wayne's affidavit did “not assist in the analysis for ineffective assistance of counsel,” and the judge “adopt[ed] the legal arguments set forth in the Commonwealth's brief and incorporated it by reference.” Finally, she determined, without elaboration, that the defendant had not shown prejudice.

The defendant then moved for reconsideration, detailing his new lawyer's attempts to obtain an affidavit from plea counsel, and noting that it was evident from the judge's order that “the pivotal and deciding factor in the [c]ourt's determination that the [d]efendant raised no substantial issue was the absence of an affidavit from [plea counsel].” The motion continued that new counsel had made considerable effort to secure the affidavit and had been unable to do so.⁵ The motion was supplemented by affidavits from counsel and from his associate. The judge denied the motion for reconsideration without a hearing or further comment.⁶

Discussion. “A motion to withdraw a guilty plea is treated as a motion for a new trial pursuant to Mass. R.Crim. P. 30(b)

[, as

appearing in 435 Mass. 1501 (2001) ]. Commonwealth v. Furr, 454 Mass. 101, 106, 907 N.E.2d 664 (2009)

. A judge may grant such a motion ‘if it appears that justice may not have been done.’ Mass. R.Crim. P. 30(b).” Commonwealth v. Rodriguez, 467 Mass. 1002, 1004, 5 N.E.3d 519 (2014). “When, as here, the motion judge did not preside [at the plea hearing] ..., we regard ourselves in as good a position as the motion judge to assess the ... record.” Commonwealth v. Petetabella, 459 Mass. 177, 181, 944 N.E.2d 582 (2011)

, quoting from Commonwealth v. Grace, 397 Mass. 303, 307, 491 N.E.2d 246 (1986).

“It is well established that a judge has discretion to deny a new trial motion on the affidavits.” Commonwealth v. Gordon, 82 Mass.App.Ct. 389, 394, 974 N.E.2d 645 (2012)

. See Mass.R.Crim.P. 30(c)(3), as appearing in 435 Mass. 1501 (2001). However, when the defendant raises a substantial issue of fact, it is the better practice to conduct an evidentiary hearing. See Commonwealth v. Chatman, 466 Mass. 327, 334, 995 N.E.2d 32 (2013), quoting from Commonwealth v. Stewart, 383 Mass. 253, 257–258, 418 N.E.2d 1219 (1981) (“In determining whether a ‘substantial issue’ meriting an evidentiary hearing ... has been raised, we look not only at the seriousness of the issue asserted, but also to the adequacy of the defendant's showing on the issue raised”); Commonwealth v. Gordon, supra at 394–395, 974 N.E.2d 645.

Counsel's advice regarding the immigration consequences for a permanent resident tendering a guilty plea to controlled substance charges is a serious issue.⁷ See 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i) (2012)

. Federal law “specifically commands removal for all controlled substances convictions except for the most trivial of marijuana possession offenses.”⁸

Commonwealth v. DeJesus, 468 Mass. 174, 180, 9 N.E.3d 789 (2014), quoting from Padilla, 559 U.S. at 368, 130 S.Ct. 1473. “Counsel therefore was obligated to provide to [the defendant] ... the information that presumptively mandatory deportation would have been the legal consequence of pleading guilty.” Id. at 181, 9 N.E.3d 789. “Without the benefit of such counsel, a client cannot enter a knowing and voluntary plea.” Commonwealth v. Chleikh...