Commonwealth v. Wright

• Decision Date: 23 June 1884
• Citation: 137 Mass. 250
• Parties: Commonwealth v. James Wright
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

137 Mass. 250

Commonwealth v. James Wright

Supreme Court of Massachusetts

June 23, 1884

Suffolk.

Exceptions overruled.

T. J Gargan, for the defendant.

E. J Sherman, Attorney General, for the Commonwealth.

Holmes, J. Devens & Colburn, JJ., absent.

OPINION

Holmes, J.

The defendant has been convicted of setting up and promoting a certain lottery for money; and the only question raised by his exceptions is whether the jury were warranted in finding that a game popularly known as the policy or envelope game is a lottery, within the Pub. Sts. c. 209, § 1.

There was evidence that the defendant carried on the game, and that the public were invited to attend and take part in it. The substance of the game, as described in the bill of exceptions, seems to be that any one wishing to play chooses a number and pays a certain sum for it; and that then the conductor of the game draws an envelope from a box full of them, which envelope contains a slip with many numbers upon it. If the number chosen is found among those upon the slip, the person who chose it receives a multiple of the sum paid by him, greater or less according to the odds agreed upon. If not, he loses what he has paid.

We assume that the numbers upon the slips are limited in some way, so that the chances of success may be exactly calculated. But the defendant's argument that therefore the game contained no element of chance may be dismissed with a word. The event is none the less uncertain, that the chances of the event are certain. The chances only represent the average of a long series of events.

The event does not appear to have been even mechanically certain, as the selection of the envelope seems to have been made arbitrarily, after payment. But if the choice of the number had also fixed the envelope, so long as the event could not be predicted by the party concerned, it would be uncertain, and depend on chance in the only sense which the law has to take into account. Commonwealth v. Thacher, 97 Mass. 583. State v. Clarke, 33 N.H. 329, 335.

Perhaps it is a little more difficult to show how the game is more than a wager. A bet, however, is usually executory on both sides, isolated, and determined by events independent of any action of the parties, while in this game a price is paid for the chance of a prize, and it is determined by a mechanical device worked by the manager of the game according to a scheme held out to the...