Corder v. A.H. Robins Co., Inc.

• Decision Date: 06 June 1985
• Docket Number: No. 11-84-129-CV,11-84-129-CV
• Citation: 692 S.W.2d 194
• Parties: Prod.Liab.Rep. (CCH) P 10,694 Mary CORDER and Husband, Robert Corder, Appellants, v. A.H. ROBINS COMPANY, INC., Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 194

692 S.W.2d 194

Prod.Liab.Rep. (CCH) P 10,694

Mary CORDER and Husband, Robert Corder, Appellants, v. A.H. ROBINS COMPANY, INC., Appellee.

No. 11-84-129-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas Eastland.

June 6, 1985.

Rehearing Denied June 27, 1985.

Samuel L. Boyd, Boyd & Dubose, Dallas, for appellants.

Robert M. Greenberg and Hollye C. Fisk, Greenberg, Benson, Fisk & Fielder, Dallas, for appellee.

OPINION

McCLOUD, Chief Justice.

This is a summary judgment case. Mary Corder and her husband, Robert Corder, sued A.H. Robins Company, Inc. on September 18, 1981, alleging that Mary Corder's inability to have children was caused by her use of the "Dalkon Shield" manufactured and marketed by Robins. The Corders alleged several theories of liability, including negligence, strict liability, fraud, and breach of express and implied warranties. Robins filed a motion for summary judgment asserting the two-year statute of limitations, TEX.REV.CIV.STAT.ANN. art. 5526 (Vernon Supp.1985) and the four-year statute of limitations, TEX.BUS. & COM.CODE ANN. sec. 2.725 (Vernon 1968). The trial court rendered summary judgment for Robbins. The Corders appeal. We reverse and remand for trial.

The plaintiffs urge that Mrs. Corder did not learn until August of 1980 that her infertility problems were caused by her use of the Dalkon Shield. The Corders argue that this is a proper case for the application of the Texas "discovery rule." We agree.

In February of 1971, Mrs. Corder was fitted with the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device. The device was removed in February of 1972 because of cramping and bleeding. During the following years, the Corders unsuccessfully attempted to conceive a child. They consulted Dr. Choi in 1973 for possible infertility problems. They consulted Dr. Ackerman in April of 1979, who noted on the first visit that Mrs. Corder had previously used a Dalkon Shield. In fact, he associated her problems with the Dalkon Shield. However, Dr. Ackerman did not communicate this information to Mrs. Corder. Infertility tests were conducted on both Mr. and Mrs. Corder. In June of 1979, X-rays were taken of Mrs. Corder's fallopian tubes to determine whether there was a tubal blockage. This first set of X-rays indicated a prior history of infection in the fallopian tubes. A second set of X-rays were taken on April 4, 1980, which confirmed the first tests. Following hospitalization for acute salpingitis, Dr. Ackerman referred Mrs. Corder to Dr. McWherter in an effort to determine the cause and to correct her infertility and probable fallopian tube blockage. In August, 1980, Mrs. Corder underwent surgery by Dr. McWherter. By affidavit, Mrs. Corder states that following her surgery she was told, for the first time, by Dr. McWherter that her use of the Dalkon Shield was "probably" the cause of the damage to her reproductive system. She states that until that time, she was totally unaware of any association between her infertility and her use of the Dalkon Shield in 1971-1972. Robins argues that the Corders knew, or should have known, of her injury and the alleged cause, at the very latest, in June of 1979, when the X-rays disclosed prior infection in her fallopian tubes.

Plaintiffs' strict liability cause of action is governed by TEX.REV.CIV.STAT.ANN. art. 5526, which provides that such action must be brought "within two years after the cause of action shall have accrued." Usually, the cause of action is considered to accrue at the time of injury. Robinson v. Weaver, 550 S.W.2d 18 (Tex.1977). However, in Gaddis v. Smith, 417 S.W.2d 577 (Tex.1967), a medical malpractice case, the Texas Supreme Court adopted the "discovery rule," providing that the statute of limitations did not begin to run until the plaintiff learned of, or in the exercise of reasonable care and diligence should have learned of, the presence of the foreign object in the body. The rule as originally applied in Gaddis was expressly limited "to causes of action in which a physician leaves a foreign object in the body of his patient." The rule has since been extended to apply to medical malpractice cases other than "foreign object" cases. See Hays v. Hall, 488 S.W.2d 412 (Tex.1972), [failure of a vasectomy operation]; Weaver v. Witt, 561 S.W.2d 792 (Tex.1977), [negligently performed operation]. This rule recognizes that in certain rare situations it is difficult if not altogether impossible to discover the existence of a legal injury. A "legal injury" is an "injury giving cause of action by reason of its being an invasion of a plaintiff's right." Houston Water-Works Co. v. Kennedy, 70 Tex. 233, 8 S.W. 36 (1888). In the instant case, Mrs. Corder discovered in June of 1979 that her fallopian tubes were damaged. However, she did not, according to her affidavit, discover the cause until August of 1980.

In Grady v. Faykus, 530 S.W.2d 151 (Tex.Civ.App.--Corpus Christi 1975, writ ref'd n.r.e.), where the plaintiff was injured by excessive radiation, the court stated:

[A] fact issue exists about when plaintiff discovered the true facts concerning the cause of her unfortunate condition or the date she, in the exercise of ordinary care, should have discovered such cause. Because of that fact issue, the trial court erred in granting a summary judgment in defendants' favor.

Our Supreme Court in Robinson v. Weaver, 550 S.W.2d 18 (Tex.1977), while discussing Grady, said:

(W)e found no reversible...