County of El Paso v. Dorado, 08-99-00446-CV

• Decision Date: 14 September 2000
• Docket Number: No. 08-99-00446-CV,08-99-00446-CV
• Citation: 33 S.W.3d 44
• Parties: (Tex.App.-El Paso 2000) THE COUNTY OF EL PASO, Appellant, v. JESSIE DORADO, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND OF BRIANNA ALEXIS MIRANDA, A MINOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE ESTATE OF EDUARDO MIRANDA A/K/A EDUARDO MIRANDA DUARTE, DECEASED, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 44

33 S.W.3d 44 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2000)

THE COUNTY OF EL PASO, Appellant, v. JESSIE DORADO, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND OF BRIANNA ALEXIS MIRANDA, A MINOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE ESTATE OF EDUARDO MIRANDA A/K/A EDUARDO MIRANDA DUARTE, DECEASED, Appellee.

No. 08-99-00446-CV

COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS, EL PASO.

September 14, 2000

Rehearing Overruled October 11, 2000.

Appeal from the 120th Judicial District Court of El Paso County, Texas (TC# 97-2506) Before Panel No. 2 Barajas, C.J., McClure and Chew, JJ.

OPINION

BARAJAS, Chief Justice.

This is an appeal from an unsuccessful plea to the jurisdiction. For reasons set forth below, we reverse and render.

I. SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE

On July 25, 1997, Jessie Dorado, ("Dorado"), sued the County of El Paso, ("El Paso County"), in her individual capacity, as Mother and Next Friend of Brianna Alexis Miranda, and on behalf of the Estate of Eduardo Miranda a/k/a Eduardo Miranda Duarte, deceased. Dorado alleged that the decedent died after he was denied access to his seizure medication following his arrest and subsequent detention in the El Paso County Detention Facility. In her second amended petition, Dorado enunciated six "counts" against El Paso County in which she stated the following causes of action: (1) Civil rights violations under 42 U.S.C. § 1983; (2) Negligence in administering medication and treatment; (3) Twenty-one additional acts of alleged negligence; (4) Recklessness; (5) Further constitutional violations; and (6) Section 101.021 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, (i.e., Governmental Liability section of the Tort Claims Act). Dorado also included the following phrase in her petition: "This is an action for damages instituted by Plaintiffs against Defendant is liable in monetary damages to Plaintiffs pursuant to Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code §§ 71.002, 71.003, 71.004, 71.021 and § 101.001 et seq." ¹

In response to Dorado's second amended petition, El Paso County challenged the court's jurisdiction to hear Dorado's claims brought under the wrongful death statutes. Specifically, El Paso County complained that the court "does not have subject matter jurisdiction over this cause of action because Defendant County of El Paso is specifically exempt from Section 71.001, 71.002, 71.003, 71.004, and 71.021 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, more commonly known as the Wrongful Death and Survival Act." In her response to El Paso County's challenge to the court's subject matter jurisdiction, Dorado argued that counties are not exempt from the wrongful death statutes. The trial court agreed with the position asserted by Dorado and denied El Paso County's plea to the jurisdiction.² El Paso County now brings this interlocutory appeal, and Dorado seeks sanctions against El Paso County for filing the appeal.

II. DISCUSSION

The sole issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred in denying Appellant's challenge to the trial court's jurisdiction to hear a separate cause of action brought under the wrongful death statute.

Whether the trial court properly denied Appellant's plea to the jurisdiction presents a pure question of law that we will examine under a de novo standard of review. See State Farm Lloyds v. Kessler, 932 S.W.2d 732, 735 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1996, writ denied).

The Wrongful Death Act sets forth the circumstances under which a "person" may be liable for an injury that causes an individual's death. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 71.002 (Vernon 1997). The word "person" is specifically defined to include "an individual, association of individuals, joint-stock company, or corporation or a trustee or receiver of an individual, association of individuals, joint-stock company, or corporation." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. §71.001(2) (Vernon 1997). The term "corporation" is further defined to exclude ". . . a county or a common or independent school district." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 71.001(1) (Vernon 1997). Thus, the plain wording of the statute makes it clear that a county may not be sued for wrongful death under the Wrongful Death Act.

In her response to Appellant's plea to the court's jurisdiction³, Appellee cited Whipple v. Deltscheff, 731 S.W.2d 700 (Tex. App.-- Houston [14th Dist.] 1987, writ ref'd n.r.e.) in support of her contention that "the County of El Paso is not exempt from the Wrongful Death Statute."(emphasis added). Although Appellee accurately summarized the court's analysis in Whipple, that case simply does not support Appellee's assertion that a county may be sued for wrongful death under the Wrongful Death Act.

In Whipple, Mr. and Mrs. Deltscheff successfully prosecuted wrongful death claims against Harris County and Lorraine Whipple. Harris County appealed the verdict. Harris County asserted that the language found in the Wrongful Death Act which excludes counties from liability for wrongful death under the Wrongful Death Act, also excludes counties from being liable for any wrongful death claim. Thus, the issue to be decided was whether the exclusionary language which excludes counties from being liable for wrongful death under the Wrongful Death Act also excludes counties from being liable for wrongful death under the Tort Claims Act. The court, while agreeing that a county cannot be sued for wrongful death under the Wrongful Death Act, held that a county may nonetheless be sued for wrongful death under the Tort Claims Act.⁴ The court elaborated:

The language of the statute [Tort Claims Act] could not be more specific: units of government, including counties, that previously enjoyed immunity from suit, shall now be liable for damages for death in certain prescribed situations if a private person would be so liable. The liability of a private person is set out in the Wrongful Death Statute, . . . The fact that counties are not 'corporations' as used in the statute, while still true, is irrelevant to the issue of their liability for wrongful death. The relevant fact is that the liability of a county is, under certain conditions, that of a private person.

Whipple v. Deltscheff, 731 S.W.2d at 704. The court then went on to explain that the Texas Supreme Court has recognized that school districts, which are also excluded from liability under the Wrongful Death Act, have nonetheless been held liable for wrongful death under the Tort Claims Act. See id at 705. The court concluded its opinion with the following often quoted phrase: "[T]he Wrongful Death Statute does not exempt counties from liability for wrongful death imposed by the limited waiver provisions of...