Cox v. State

• Decision Date: 23 February 2006
• Docket Number: No. CR 05-080.,CR 05-080.
• Citation: 229 S.W.3d 883
• Parties: Robert Allen COX, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

229 S.W.3d 883

Robert Allen COX, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR 05-080.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

February 23, 2006.

Rees Law Firm, by: Brenna J. Ryan, Jonesboro, for appellant.

Mike Beebe, Att'y Gen., by: Clayton K. Hodges, Ass't Att'y Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.

BETTY C. DICKEY, Justice.

On February 24, 2003, appellant, Robert Allen Cox, pleaded guilty to the following: (1) possessing drug paraphernalia with intent to manufacture methamphetamine and possessing methamphetamine with intent to deliver in case number CR-2000-173; (2) possessing methamphetamine and possessing drug paraphernalia in case number CR-2001-17; and, (3) possessing methamphetamine with intent to deliver and possessing drug paraphernalia in case number CR-2002-81. He was placed on probation for a period of four years and fined $1500 for each of the charges on possession of methamphetamine with intent to deliver. On July 21, 2003, the State filed a second amended petition to revoke probation, alleging numerous violations of the terms and conditions of appellant's probation, none of which are at issue in this appeal. The trial court granted the petition, revoked appellant's probation, and sentenced him on August 26, 2003, as follows: (1) in case number CR 2000-173, fifteen years in prison for the possession of drug paraphernalia with intent to manufacture methamphetamine charge and forty years in prison for the possession of methamphetamine with intent to deliver charge; (2) in case number CR 2001-17, ten years for the possession of methamphetamine charge and ten years for the possession of drug paraphernalia charge; and, (3) in case number CR 2002-81, forty years for the possession of methamphetamine with intent to deliver charge and ten years for the possession of drug paraphernalia charge. The judge determined that all sentences were to be served concurrently. Cox alleges on appeal that Ark.Code Ann. § 5-4-309(f)(1) (Repl.2006) and Ark.Code Ann. § 16-93-402(e) (Repl.2006) are in conflict, making his sentence void, and that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the trial court's determination that he must serve seventy percent of his sentence before parole eligibility. We affirm the decision of the trial court.

Appellant claims that Section 5-4-309(f)(1) and Section 16-93-402(e) are in conflict. Section 5-4-309(f)(1) reads:

(A) If the court revokes a suspension or probation, it may enter a judgment of conviction and may impose any sentence on the defendant that might have been imposed originally for the offense of which he or she was found guilty.

(B) Provided, that any sentence to pay a fine or of imprisonment, when combined with any previous fine or imprisonment imposed for the same offense, shall not exceed the limits of § 5-4-201 or § 5-4-401, or if applicable, § 5-4-501.

Ark.Code Ann. § 5-4-309(f)(1)(A) and (B). However, Section 16-93-402(e) reads:

(1) At any time within the probation period or within the maximum probation period permitted by § 16-93-401 [repealed], the court for the county in which the probationer is being supervised or, if no longer supervised, the court for the county in which he was last under supervision may issue a warrant for his arrest for violation of probation occurring during the probation period.

(2) The warrant may be executed by any peace officer authorized to make arrests under the laws of the State of Arkansas.

(3) If the probationer shall be arrested in any county other than that in which he was last supervised, he shall be returned to the county in which the warrant was issued.

(4) As speedily as possible, the probationer shall be taken before the court having jurisdiction over him

(5) Thereupon, the court may revoke the probation and require him to serve the sentence imposed or any lesser sentence which might have been originally imposed.

Ark.Code Ann. § 16-93-402(e)(1)-(5). Appellant argues that the court failed to apply the more lenient statute, pursuant to Busic v. United States, 446 U.S. 398, 100 S.Ct. 1747, 64 L.Ed.2d 381 (1980), and Lawson v. State, 295 Ark. 37, 746 S.W.2d 544 (1988), and that his prison sentence was therefore illegal since it exceeded the term of his original sentence, supervised probation and a fine.

This court has recently decided this issue in Rickenbacker v. Norris, 361 Ark. 291, 206 S.W.3d 220 (2005). Rickenbacker had pleaded nolo contendre to two counts of first-degree sexual abuse, and was placed on probation for five years and fined $5,000. Id. The Van Buren County Circuit Court revoked his probation, and Rickenbacker was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. Id. Rickenbacker appealed, alleging that section 5-4-309(f)(1) and section 16-93-402(e) were in conflict. Id. We turned to our decision in Lewis v. State, 336 Ark. 469, 986 S.W.2d 95 (1999), for an understanding of the two provisions. Rickenbacker, supra.

Lewis pleaded guilty to possession of methamphetamine, and his punishment was fixed at three years' imprisonment, with the imposition of that sentence suspended. Lewis, supra. He was first placed on supervised probation, however it was later revoked and Lewis was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. Id. This court affirmed the trial court in Lewis. In Rickenbacker we stated:

In affirming the trial court's decision, we found that while the language of the trial court's order read "punishment is fixed at three years in the Arkansas Department of Correction," the order clearly provided that Lewis was put on probation as a first offender; therefore, no adjudication of guilt or sentence was imposed. [Lewis, 336 Ark.] at 474-75, 986 S.W.2d at 98. We held that the court intended that Lewis be placed on probation, and once he failed to comply with the conditions of his probation, the trial court was authorized, pursuant to § 5-4-309(f), to impose any sentence that may have originally been imposed for the offense of which he was found guilty. Lewis, 336 Ark. at 476, 986 S.W.2d at 99.

According to this court, if probation was entered and no sentence was actually imposed, the trial court was authorized, upon revocation, to sentence the defendant to a term of imprisonment larger than the term of probation. Id. We noted that § 16-93-402 did not apply in Lewis, as the statute only comes into play when a sentence is imposed, in which case, upon revocation, the defendant can only be made to serve the sentence imposed or any lesser sentence which might have originally been imposed. Id. at 476, 986 S.W.2d at 99. The application of the appropriate statute depends on whether appellant's probation and fine constituted a "sentence imposed." To answer this question, we look to our decision in Diffee v. State, 290 Ark. 194, 718 S.W.2d 94 (1986). In that case, Diffee pleaded guilty to obtaining drugs by fraud, and the court took her plea under advisement, fined her $500, plus costs, and placed her on probation for three years. The trial court later revoked her probation, and sentenced her to five years' imprisonment. Id. at 195, 718 S.W.2d at 94. The appellant filed a petition for post-conviction relief, which was denied; however, the trial court amended the earlier order by changing the fine to an assessment of $500 as administrative costs. On appeal, we affirmed the denial of relief, and held that it was immaterial whether the court had the power to change the nature of the fine. Diffee, 290 Ark. at 195, 718 S.W.2d at 94.

In that case, we held that no sentence was imposed when Diffee was placed on probation; moreover, we did not regard the $500 fine as a "sentence imposed," because "[Ark. Stat. Ann. § 43-2332, currently Ark.Code Ann. § 16-93-402] is directed to a revocation of probation and thus is referring to the possible sentence to imprisonment that gave rise to the probation." Id. at 199, 718 S.W.2d at 96.

Rickenbacker v. Norris, 361 Ark. 291, 206 S.W.3d 220 (2005). After considering earlier decisions of this court, we concluded that the defendant in Rickenbacker was not sentenced for the purposes of Section 16-93-402(e)(5) because he, too, had been placed on probation and fined. Id. Therefore, he was subject to Section 5-4-309(f)(1)(A). Id.

Section 16-93-402(e)(5) is inapplicable to the instant case based on our decisions in Rickenbacker, Lewis, and Diffee. No sentence was imposed on Cox, as he was placed on four years' probation and fined. Therefore, section 5-4-309(f)(1)(A) applies, and the trial court did not err in ordering appellant to serve a forty-year sentence as it could have done originally.

The State requests that this court hold that section 16-93-402(e)(5) has been repealed by implication. It is the State's position that because this court no longer permits a suspended execution of a sentence, section 16-93-402(e)(5) is repealed by implication. See, e.g., Wells v. State, 337 Ark. 586, 991 S.W.2d 114 (1999). However, repeals by implication are not only strongly disfavored by the law, but a statute will only be impliedly repealed in Arkansas when two enactments cannot stand together. Neeve v. City of Caddo Valley, 351 Ark. 235, 91 S.W.3d 71 (2002). We will not find a repeal by implication if there is any way to interpret the statutes harmoniously. Id. Clearly, this court resolved any discord between section 16-93-402(e)(5) and section 5-4-309(f)(1)(A) in Rickenbacker, supra, therefore, a repeal by implication is not the proper outcome.

For his second point on appeal, Cox contends that his trial counsel was ineffective for not objecting to the trial judge's sentencing, requiring him to serve seventy percent of the sentence imposed before being considered eligible for parole. During sentencing, the prosecutor informed the judge that the seventy-percent rule could not be waived for certain offenses, but that the trial court could choose to impose a lesser sentence to take the seventy-percent requirement into account.¹ The judge, however, decided to leave the pronounced sentence in place.

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