Creighton v. Ruark, 83

• Decision Date: 06 December 1962
• Docket Number: No. 83,83
• Citation: 230 Md. 145,186 A.2d 208
• Parties: Marshall CREIGHTON v. George William RUARK.
• Court: Maryland Court of Appeals

Page 145

230 Md. 145

186 A.2d 208

Marshall CREIGHTON v. George William RUARK.

No. 83.

Court of Appeals of Maryland.

Dec. 6, 1962.

W. Edgar Porter, Salisbury (Porter & Cullen, Salisbury, on the brief), for appellant.

John W. T. Webb and William W. Travers, Salisbury (Webb & Travers, Walter C. Anderson and K. King Burnett, Salisbury, on the brief), for appellee.

Before BRUNE, C. J., and HENDERSON, HAMMOND, HORNEY, and SYBERT, JJ.

HENDERSON, Judge.

This appeal is from a judgment for personal injuries in an automobile collision case in favor of the owner and driver of one car, George William Ruark, against the owner and driver of the other car, Marshall Creighton. An earlier action had been filed against both Creighton and Ruark by a passenger in Creighton's car, resulting in a jury verdict against both defendants and judgment entered and satisfied. It was brought into the instant case by plea of res judicata, to which the plaintiff demurred. The demurrer was argued and held sub curia. On September 1, 1961, there was a docket entry: 'Demurrer overruled. Trial and jury.' On October 23, 1961, there was another docket entry: 'Order dated September 1, 1961, overruling demurrer stricken out. Demurrer * * * to the additional pleas of res judicata are sustained'. The record does not disclose the reason for the change. We dismissed an appeal from the latter action as being premature.

The appellant contends that the trial court lacked the power to alter the docket entry, under Rule 625, which provides that the court lacks revisory power over a judgment after the lapse of thirty days, except in cases of fraud, mistake or irregularity, and that there was no showing that the case falls within the exceptions. It is doubtless true that after the lapse of thirty days a trial judge is not at liberty to simply change his mind. Cf. Cramer v. Wildwood Development Co., 227 Md. 102, 107, 175 A.2d 750. But we may assume that the trial court was familiar with the Rule, and acted within the scope of his authority. Indeed, there is some evidence of mistake in the first entry itself, because if the plea in bar was good, in the absence of any issue of fact to be determined, it is conceded that the defendant would have been entitled to judgment on the pleadings. Hence, there would have been no occasion to make the entry, 'Trial and jury', indicating that the case stood for trial and negativing an intention to enter judgment on the pleadings. It may well be that the clerk misunderstood the court's ruling. The trial court has the power to correct a clerical mistake at any time so as to make it conform to the truth. Crawford v. Richards, 193 Md. 236, 66 A.2d 483; Maryland, Del. & Va. Rwy. Co. v. Johnson, 129 Md. 412, 99 A. 600. Cf. Roberts v. State, 219 Md. 485, 488, 150 A.2d 448. In the absence of a judgment there could be no appeal, except as permitted by Rule 345 e. Cf. State for Use of Wandless v. Feldstein, 207 Md. 20, 28, 113 A.2d 100. We think the short answer to the whole contention is that Rule 625 is inapplicable, because no judgment was entered prior to the correction ordered by the trial court. In the absence of a statute or rule, the matter would seem to be within the bosom of the court at least during the current term of court. Cf. Jones v. State, 214 Md. 525, 529, 136 A.2d 252. In any event it is clear that the validity of the plea in bar is reviewable on the present appeal.

The appellant contends that the demurrer to the plea of res judicata was improperly sustained, because the court in the first case had jurisdiction over the present parties as codefendants, and the jury found that both were negligent in the same collision. It is admitted that there were no cross claims filed or litigated in the first case. It is also clear that cross claims are not compulsory under Maryland Rule 314 b. Cf. Federal Rule 13(g) and cases hereafter cited. The point appears to be one of first impression in this State, but the great weight of authority seems to be contrary to the appellant's contention.

See. 82 of the Restatement of Judgments states: 'The rendition of a judgment in an action does not conclude parties to the action who are not adversaries under the pleadings as to their rights inter se upon matters which they did not litigate, or have an opportunity to litigate, between themselves'.

Illustration 1, comment b, states: 'A and B are driving automobiles, which collide. C, a passenger in B's car, sues A and B. Whether the judgment is in favor of or against C as to either or both A and B, the issues as to negligence or other element of the cause of action are not res judicata in a subsequent action by A against B for damage to his car'.

The cases uphold the text. Capps v. Whitson, 157 Va. 46, 160 S.E. 71; Byrum v. Ames & Webb, Inc., 196 Va. 597, 85 S.E.2d 364; Jackson v. Blue, 152 F.2d 67 (C.A. 4th), (applying Virginia law); Gunter v. Winders, 253 N.C. 782, 117 S.E.2d 787 (overruling a case to the contrary); Bunge v. Yager, 236 Minn. 245, 52 N.W.2d 446; Casey v. Balunas, 19 Conn.Sup. 365, 113 A.2d 867; Clark's Adm'x v. Rucker, 258 S.W.2d 9 (Ky.,); Gleason v. Hardware Mutual Casualty Co., 329 Mass. 56, 106 N.E.2d 266; Mickadeit v. Kansas Power & Light Co., 174 Kan. 484, 257 P.2d 156; Ray v. Consolidated Freightways, 4 Utah 2d 137, 289 P.2d 196; Snyder v. Marken, 116 Wash. 270, 199 P. 302, 22 A.L.R. 1272; Wiles v. Young, 167 Tenn. 224, 68 S.W.2d 114; St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. v. Dowdell, 40 Ala.App. 141, 109 So.2d 151; Bakula v. Schwab, 167 Wis. 546, 168 N.W. 378; Smith v. Williamson, 208 Okl. 323, 256 P.2d 174; Pearlman v. Truppo, 10 N.J.Misc. 477, 159 A. 623, cf. 10 N.J.Misc. 772, 160 A. 334; Lowery v. Muse, 151 A.2d 263 (D.C.Mun.App.); Glaser v. Huette, 232 App.Div. 119, 249 N.Y.S. 374, cf. 256 N.Y. 686, 177 N.E. 193; See also the cases collected in notes 152 A.L.R. 1066, 142 A.L.R. 727, and 101 A.L.R. 104. In fact, the only jurisdiction holding to the contrary would appear to be Illinois. See Stangle v. Chicago, R. I. & Pac. Ry. Co., 295 F.2d 789 (C.A. 7th) (applying Illinois law). The Pennsylvania law is not to the contrary. See Greer v. Stanislau, 118 F.Supp. 494 (E.D.Pa.), and Kimmel v. Yankee Lines, 125 F.Supp. 702 (W.D.Pa.), although in Simodejka v. Williams, 360 Pa. 332, 62 A.2d 17, cited in Keitz v. National Paving and Contracting Co., 214 Md. 479, 496, 134 A.2d 296, 136 A.2d 229, it was held that where the original defendant filed a cross claim against the co-defendant, the plea was well founded. Unless the parties are adversaries under the pleadings in the former suit, they have not had any opportunity to adjudicate their rights as between themselves, and under the Rule are not compelled to do so. There is also a possible lack of identity of issues, as, for example, a question of last clear chance, not relevant in a suit by a guest passenger. Prosser, Torts (2d ed.) § 52, and cases cited supra. In 1 Poe, Pleading (5th ed.) § 656, the learned author states that one test of conclusiveness is whether the verdict and judgment in the former suit could not have been rendered without deciding the matter. Under the circumstances of the instant case we hold that the plea of res judicata was not sustainable.

The appellant further contends that there was error in submitting to the jury the question of last clear chance. Objection to an instruction as to last clear chance was taken, on the ground that there was no evidence to support it. We must, therefore, state the relevant facts developed most favorable to the appellee's case. The appellee had driven to Church Creek to get his mail, and parked his car on the shoulder of the west side of Route 16, a highway 27 feet wide running through the village. After leaving the post office, he entered his car, pulled out in low gear and attempted to make a turn into a private driveway on the east side of Route 16, in order to back out and turn around. When the front of his car was a few feet into the driveway, the right side was struck by a car going north at a fast rate of speed, estimated, by at least one witness, to be 70 miles per hour in a thirty mile zone. The road to the south of the village has a wide...