Croft v. Town of Summerville
| Decision Date | 16 June 2021 |
| Docket Number | Opinion No. 28036,Appellate Case No. 2020-000334 |
| Court | South Carolina Supreme Court |
| Parties | Faye P. CROFT, Personally and AS TRUSTEE OF the JAMES A. CROFT TRUST; James A. Croft Trust; William A. Harbeson; Heyward G. Hutson; James Stephen Greene, Jr.; South Carolina Public Interest Foundation; Summerville Preservation Society ; and Dorchester County Taxpayers Association, individually, and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Petitioners, v. TOWN OF SUMMERVILLE and Town of Summerville Board of Architectural Review, Respondents. |
Michael T. Rose, of Mike Rose Law Firm, PC, of Summerville, and W. Andrew Gowder Jr., of Austen & Gowder, LLC, of Charleston, for Petitioners.
G. Waring Parker, of G. Waring Parker Law Firm, LLC, of Summerville, and Timothy Alan Domin, of Clawson & Staubes, LLC, of Charleston, for Respondents.
Jay Bender, of Baker, Ravenel and Bender, LLP, of Columbia, for Amicus Curiae South Carolina Press Association.
In this appeal, several Summerville residents and public interest groups (Petitioners) ask the Court to invalidate approval granted by the Town of Summerville Board of Architectural Review (the Board) for construction of a proposed development project (the Project). Petitioners contend the Board violated the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)1 and various Summerville ordinances. At some point during Petitioners' appeal of the Board's decision, Applegate & Co. (the Developer) decided not to go forward with the Project. Since there remains no actual controversy for this Court to decide, we vacate the court of appeals' decision and dismiss Petitioners' appeal as moot.
On July 9, 2014, the Town of Summerville (the Town) and Town of Summerville Redevelopment Corporation entered into an agreement with the Developer to construct the Project. The Project, to be called "The Dorchester," included plans for a conference center, hotel, condominiums, and parking garage. The Developer subsequently sought design approval from the Board.
The Board is a seven-member public body charged with reviewing applications for construction, modification, and demolition within Summerville's historic district. Summerville, S.C., Code of Ordinances § 32-175(b), (f). As a public body, the Board must comply with the record disclosure and open meeting requirements of FOIA and Summerville's ordinances. See S.C. Code Ann. §§ 30-4-30, -60; Summerville, S.C., Code of Ordinances §§ 32-176(d)-(e), -182(b). Pertinent provisions of both are discussed below.
On July 21, 23, and 29, 2014, six Board members2 met on separate occasions with the Mayor of Summerville and the Developer in groups of two. Prior to those gatherings, the Board Secretary wrote in an email to Board members:
The Mayor would like to get your input and thoughts on this project while still in the very early stages of design. His thought is to meet you at his home ... in a casual setting, two board members at a time for approximately 30 minutes (no possibility of it looking like a quorum).
The gatherings at the Mayor's house were not open to the public, and the Board did not keep minutes of the gatherings.
On October 6 and November 3, 2014, the Board held publicly-noticed meetings and discussed the Project. Minutes were kept, and the Board took public comment during the meetings. The Board did not vote on the Project at either meeting.
On December 12, 2014, six Board members met with the Developer in pre-arranged groups of three on two separate occasions. The Board Secretary wrote in an email to Board members:
To avoid any possibility of a quorum (as this is not a public meeting), please stay within your agreed time frame. Please remember this is a workshop to give you an opportunity to review plans and discuss concerns from prior meetings.
These two gatherings were not open to the public, and the Board did not keep minutes of the gatherings.
On January 5, 2015, the Board held a publicly-noticed meeting and discussed the Project. Minutes were kept. The meeting was held in the Town Hall Annex training room, while the other public meetings about the Project were held in the Town Hall Annex council chambers. According to a letter written by an attendee of the meeting, "there were far too few seats to accommodate the number of people crowded into the [training room]." The Board Chairman opened the meeting by stating "we usually choose to allow others to express comments that might help influence our decision making," and asked the attendees to limit their comments to three minutes. However, the Board did not take public comment during the meeting. The Board granted the Project "conceptual and preliminary approval" during the meeting. The Board also approved demolition of a gas station, contingent upon the Project receiving final approval.
On January 12, 2015, the Board held a publicly-noticed meeting to discuss the Project's demolition needs. Minutes were kept. The Board did not take public comment during the meeting. The Board voted to allow demolition of several buildings, contingent upon the Project receiving final approval.
On April 6 and May 11, 2015, the Board held publicly-noticed meetings and discussed the Project. Minutes were kept, and the Board took public comment during both meetings. During the April 6 meeting, the Board granted the Project "conditional final approval." During the May 11 meeting, the Board granted the Project final approval.
Petitioners timely appealed the Board's April 6 and May 11 decisions to the circuit court, seeking a reversal of the Board's approval of the Project.3 Petitioners claimed the Board violated FOIA and applicable Summerville ordinances throughout its review of the Project. Petitioners did not seek to enjoin the Developer from constructing the Project while Petitioners' appeal was pending. By order dated September 24, 2015, the circuit court affirmed the Board's approval of the Project. Petitioners timely appealed to the court of appeals. The court of appeals affirmed the circuit court and upheld the Board's approval of the Project. Croft v. Town of Summerville , 428 S.C. 576, 837 S.E.2d 219 (Ct. App. 2019). This Court granted Petitioners a writ of certiorari to review the court of appeals' decision.
Petitioners ask this Court to reverse the court of appeals and invalidate the Board's approval of the Project. Petitioners allege the Board violated several FOIA provisions and Summerville's ordinances during the Board's review of the Project. For example, Petitioners contend the gatherings of small groups of Board members with the Developer in July and December 2014 were "meetings" of "committees" of the Board required to be open to the public. See S.C. Code Ann. §§ 30-4-20(a), (d), (e), -60. Petitioners claim the Board also violated FOIA by holding the January 5, 2015 meeting in a room that was too small to allow public participation. Petitioners also argue the Board violated a Summerville ordinance by failing to give the public the opportunity to comment during the January 5 and January 12, 2015 public meetings during which the Board considered the Developer's application to demolish structures. See Summerville, S.C., Code of Ordinances § 32-182(b).
Again, Petitioners contend the only appropriate remedy for these alleged violations is invalidation of the Board's approval of the Project. Granting such relief would prohibit the Developer from moving forward with the Project and would require the Developer to obtain new Board approval before any construction could begin.
During oral argument, members of the Court asked counsel for Petitioners and Respondents about the current status of the Project. Petitioners' counsel responded, "my understanding is that the Project is not going forward," and explained he believed the Developer made the "economic decision" to abandon the Project. Respondents' counsel provided the same information to the Court. Counsel explained the Developer abandoned the Project when the Town committed what the Developer thought was an insufficient amount of funding for the public improvement portion of the Project. During oral argument, counsel for both Petitioners and Respondents acknowledged the Developer's abandonment of the Project likely rendered Petitioners' appeal moot.
"Generally, this Court only considers cases presenting a justiciable controversy." Sloan v. Friends of the Hunley, Inc. , 369 S.C. 20, 25, 630 S.E.2d 474, 477 (2006). "An appellate court will not pass on moot...
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