Cuba v. State

• Decision Date: 11 July 1978
• Docket Number: 77-498 and 77-674,77-63,Nos. 76-2224,s. 76-2224
• Citation: 362 So.2d 29
• Parties: Nery S. CUBA and Tomas Rafael Llamas-Almaguer a/k/a Tomas Llamas, Appellants, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee. Eduardo Luis FLORES a/k/a "Eddy" a/k/a "Flores", Fernando Alfredo Mateu, Jaime Romero and Pedro Pablo Sanchez a/k/a "Chino", Appellants, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee. Reinaldo Demetrio MENESES a/k/a "Guajiro", Appellant, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 29

362 So.2d 29

Nery S. CUBA and Tomas Rafael Llamas-Almaguer a/k/a Tomas Llamas, Appellants, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee.

Eduardo Luis FLORES a/k/a "Eddy" a/k/a "Flores", Fernando Alfredo Mateu, Jaime Romero and Pedro Pablo Sanchez a/k/a "Chino", Appellants, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee.

Reinaldo Demetrio MENESES a/k/a "Guajiro", Appellant, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee.

Nos. 76-2224, 77-63, 77-498 and 77-674.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.

July 11, 1978.

Rehearing Denied Sept. 29, 1978.

Hirschhorn & Freeman and Joel Hirschhorn, Weiner, Robbins & Tunkey and William R. Tunkey, Pertnoy & Greenberg, Miami, for appellants.

Robert L. Shevin, Atty. Gen. and Margarita Esquiroz, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

Before KEHOE, J., and BOYD, JOSEPH A., JR., and CHARLES CARROLL (Ret.), Associate Judges.

PER CURIAM.

The appellants in these consolidated appeals were defendants below in criminal prosecutions based on informations by which each was charged in a Count I with conspiracy to aid or assist in the conduct of a lottery, and in a Count II with aiding or assisting in conducting a lottery. Appellants, Eduardo Luis Flores, Fernando Alfredo Mateu, and Jaime Romero, by an additional count, were charged with possession of lottery paraphernalia.

Appellants, Tomas Rafael Llamas Almaguer, a/k/a Tomas Llamas, Reinaldo Demetris Meneses and Nery S. Cuba, pleaded nolo contendere with reservation of right of appeal from orders of denial of motions to suppress.

Llamas was sentenced on Count II to three years' imprisonment to be followed by two years' probation; and on Count I to a fine of $1,000.00 and one year probation to be served at the conclusion of the Count II sentence.

Meneses was sentenced to imprisonment for two years on each of Counts I and II with the sentences to run concurrently.

Cuba, on Count I, was placed on probation for one year with sentence withheld and, on Count II, was fined $1,000.00 and placed on probation for three years to run concurrently with Count I.

Appellants, Flores, Mateu, Romero and Pedro Pablo Sanchez pleaded not guilty and were convicted on jury trials.

Flores, convicted on Counts I and II and acquitted on the third count, was sentenced on Count II to imprisonment for two-and-one-half years to be followed by two-and-one-half years' probation, and on Count I was fined $5,000.00 and placed on probation for one year to run concurrently with the Count II probation.

Mateu, on Count II, was sentenced to imprisonment for two-and-one-half years to be followed by probation for a like period; and on Count I, on which sentence was deferred, one year probation was imposed to run concurrently with the Count II probation. On the additional count a $5,000.00 fine was imposed with one year probation to run concurrently with the Count I probation.

Romero, who was found guilty only on Counts I and II, was sentenced on Count II to imprisonment for two-and-one-half years to be followed by probation for a like period; and on Count I was fined $5,000.00 and placed on probation for one year to run concurrently with the Count II probation.

Sanchez, found guilty on Counts I and II, received the same sentences thereon as given to Romero, as described above.

All of the appealing defendants argue it was error to deny their pretrial motions to suppress evidence obtained through utilization of or as a result of interception of wire and/or oral communications authorized by court orders. In addition, the appellants who were tried contend the court erred in refusing a request for a jury instruction as to the penalties provided by law for conviction of the offenses charged and lesser included offenses, and contend it was error to include as a condition of their probation that each of said defendants should pay restitution in the amount of $4,000.00 toward the cost of the investigation.

Dealing with those contentions of appellants in reverse order of the statement thereof, we hold the contentions of error regarding said condition of probation and as to denial of the requested jury instruction are without merit.

Section 948.03, Florida Statutes (1975) provides that the court shall determine the terms and conditions of probation and may include among them certain conditions therein listed, one of which was to make reparation or restitution to the aggrieved party for the damage or loss caused by his offense, in an amount to be determined by the court. Appellants contend that provision is not applicable to the condition imposed, for restitution toward the cost of the investigation, in that such is not restitution to an aggrieved party. The State argues the condition is proper in that the public, upon which the expense of the investigation ultimately is imposed, is the aggrieved party in this circumstance. We hold the condition was valid on the authority of Brenner v. State, 337 So.2d 1007 (Fla.3d DCA 1976), cert. den., Fla., 348 So.2d 944. In Brenner, in plea bargaining by which defendants pleaded nolo contendere one of three counts was dismissed and sentences were imposed on the other counts for imprisonment for a term of years followed by a period of probation, the defendants had agreed to a probation condition requiring them to pay a proportionate share of the expense of the investigation costs. On appeal, the defendants contended it was error to impose that condition of probation. In regard thereto this court held the defendants could not disavow their prior agreement for the restitution condition, but in addition held that the condition assessing against defendants their pro rata share of the investigation costs was "constitutionally permissible and enforceable, in that the defendants do not argue that they are insolvent".

The refusal of the court to give the requested instruction as to penalties was not error. In Johnson v. State, 308 So.2d 38 (Fla.1975) the Supreme Court held that the provision for such instruction as set out in Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 3.390(a) was directory and not mandatory, and that the granting or denying of a request for such instruction would rest within the sound discretion of the trial judge. That ruling has been followed in numerous later decisions. See: State v. Terry, 336 So.2d 65, 66, n.1 (Fla.1976).

In contending that the court committed reversible error by denying their motions to suppress, the appellants present five grounds. On consideration thereof in light of the record, briefs and argument we hold they are without merit.

First, appellants argue that the official to whom the application was made and who entered the wire tap order was not a "neutral and detached magistrate". In cases relied on by the appellants, Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 68 S.Ct. 367, 92 L.Ed. 436 (1947) and Connally v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 245,...