Curtiss v. Mount Pleasant Correctional Facility

• Decision Date: 03 July 2003
• Docket Number: No. 03-1230.,03-1230.
• Citation: 338 F.3d 851
• Parties: Stephen C. CURTISS, Appellant, v. MOUNT PLEASANT CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

338 F.3d 851

Stephen C. CURTISS, Appellant, v. MOUNT PLEASANT CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, Appellee.

No. 03-1230.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: June 11, 2003.

Filed: July 3, 2003.

Order Denying Petition for Rehearing and for Rehearing En Banc Denied August 12, 2003.

The petition for rehearing en banc is denied. The Petition for Rehearing by the panel is aslso denied.

Stephen C. Curtiss, Anamosa, IA, pro se.

Stephen Douglas Marso, Whitfield & Eddy, Des Moines, IA, IA, for petitioner-appellant.

Robert P. Ewald, Attorney's General's Office, Des Moines, IA, for respondent-appellee.

Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, HEANEY, and RILEY, Circuit Judges.

HEANEY, Circuit Judge.

Stephen C. Curtiss appeals the district court's¹ dismissal of his Petition for Habeas Corpus as untimely. He argues that the one year statute of limitations applicable to federal habeas petitions should be tolled for the period during which the petitioner could file a petition for post-conviction relief in state court. Recognizing that we have held to the contrary in Painter v. Iowa, 247 F.3d 1255 (8th Cir.2001), he suggests Painter was implicitly overruled by the Supreme Court in Carey v. Saffold, 536 U.S. 214, 122 S.Ct. 2134, 153 L.Ed.2d 260 (2002). In the alternative, he contends that his failure to timely file his federal petition should be excused because it was the result of Iowa not keeping him apprised of the status of his state court proceedings. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

In 1997, Curtiss pled guilty and was convicted in Story County, Iowa, of one count of third degree sexual abuse and two counts of lascivious acts with a child. He was sentenced consecutively on each count, and is currently serving a total of twenty years in prison. He timely filed a direct appeal of his convictions. On January 13, 1999, the Iowa Supreme Court dismissed his appeal as frivolous.

Eight days later, Curtiss, acting pro se, filed a document in the Iowa Supreme Court entitled "Legal Malpractice Suit," naming himself as plaintiff and his former lawyer as defendant. He argued that because of how his attorney handled his case, he was denied his Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel. For relief, he requested that she be disbarred and that he receive twenty thousand dollars, plus costs and fees. The Iowa Supreme Court clerk received and docketed this document but took no action on it.

Several months passed with no action from either Curtiss or any Iowa court. Eventually, Curtiss sent a letter dated May 17, 1999, to Story County District Chief Judge Ronald H. Schechtman. In it, he complained again about his lawyer, and stated that he had filed a malpractice suit with the Iowa Supreme Court but had not heard of any action taken on it. Judge Schechtman promptly responded by letter stating that he interpreted Curtiss's letter as one addressing post-conviction issues and that he could not give legal advice.

Almost a year later, Curtiss sent a number of documents professing his innocence to the Story County Clerk of Court. These were filed on May 24, 2000. On May 31, 2000, Curtiss filed a document entitled "Motion to Vacate Sentence," which the Story County clerk treated as a motion for post-conviction relief. The motion was denied, and his appeal was dismissed by the Iowa Supreme Court as frivolous on January 24, 2002.

Curtiss promptly filed his federal petition for habeas corpus, which was received by the district court on February 28, 2002. The government moved to dismiss Curtiss's habeas petition, contending it was untimely and not excused from the one year statute of limitations by any equitable tolling principle. The district court granted the government's motion and dismissed the petition. This appeal followed.

ANALYSIS

I. TIMELINESS OF CURTISS'S FEDERAL HABEAS PETITION

The main issue in this case is simple: Was Curtiss's petition for habeas corpus filed before the statute of limitations expired? A petitioner has one year from the time a state court judgment becomes final to apply for a federal writ of habeas corpus. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A). A judgment is final, for these purposes, at "the conclusion of all direct criminal appeals in the state system followed by the expiration of the time allotted for filing a petition [for a writ of certiorari]." Williams v. Bruton, 299 F.3d 981, 982 (8th Cir.2002) (quoting Smith v. Bowersox, 159 F.3d 345, 348 (8th Cir.1998)). By Supreme Court rule, a petitioner has ninety days from the date of entry of judgment in a state court of last resort to petition for a writ of certiorari. Sup.Ct. R. 13.

Curtiss's direct appeal was dismissed by the Iowa Supreme Court on January 13, 1999. Taking into account the ninety days he had to petition for certiorari, Curtiss's statute of limitations for filing a federal habeas claim began to run on April 13, 1999.

"The time during which a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending should not be counted toward any period of limitation under this subsection." 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2). Thus, while Curtiss would typically have to file his federal petition by April 13, 2000, the statute of limitations period would be tolled if during that time he filed a petition for post-conviction relief in state court. See Painter v. Iowa, 247 F.3d 1255, 1256 (8th Cir.2001).

Even construing Curtiss's pro se filings liberally, he did not initiate any action for post-conviction relief in state court until-at the earliest-May 24, 2000, the day he sent documents claiming he was innocent to the Story County Clerk of Court. Because the deadline for filing Curtiss's federal petition passed on April 13, 2000, his later filing for post-conviction relief in state court cannot act to toll the federal statute of limitations. Painter, 247 F.3d at 1256.

Curtiss notes that his state court petition was timely under Iowa law. See Iowa Code § 822.3 (permitting petitions for post-conviction relief up to three years following final judgment on direct review). He suggests that the federal statute of limitations should be tolled during the period that he could have properly filed a state court petition for post-conviction relief. Under his theory, the federal filing deadline would not expire until a year after his time for filing in state court expired. If his view were accepted, Curtiss's federal petition would be timely.

The very same argument Curtiss advances now was considered and rejected in Painter. There, the petitioner's federal statute of limitations expired on April 24, 1997. He did not file a petition for post-conviction relief in Iowa state court until November of 1997. He argued that because his state court action was timely under Iowa state law, and exhaustion of state court remedies is a prerequisite for federal habeas relief, equity required that the federal filing deadline be tolled until his three years to file a state claim ran out. Our court disagreed:

A review of our cases makes clear ... that the time between the date that direct review of a conviction is completed and the date that an application for state post-conviction relief is filed counts against the one-year [federal statute of limitations] period. In this case, the one-year period ended on April 24, 1997. Therefore, as the district court held, by the time Painter filed his state-court application on November 11, 1997 there was no federal limitations period remaining to toll, and the petition was properly dismissed as time-barred.

Painter, 247 F.3d at 1256 (citations omitted).

Apparently cognizant of the burden Painter puts on his argument, Curtiss contends Carey v. Saffold, 536 U.S. 214, 122 S.Ct. 2134, 153 L.Ed.2d 260 (2002), implicitly overruled Painter, and that our court has so recognized in Williams v. Bruton, 299 F.3d 981 (8th Cir.2002), and Wright v. Norris, 299 F.3d 926 (8th Cir.2002). A thorough review of those cases and others leads us to a contrary conclusion.

In Saffold, the petitioner was convicted in state court of murder and several other charges. His conviction became final on direct review, and, before his federal statute of limitations expired, he filed a petition in state court for post-conviction relief. His motion was denied. Due to California's post-conviction procedures, he was permitted to file a second "original" petition in the state's appellate courts, rather than appeal the lower court's judgment.² California had not specified a filing deadline for these appellate petitions, instead determining timeliness of each petition based on a "reasonableness" standard. Saffold, 536 U.S. at 222, 122 S.Ct. 2134. The question presented by Saffold was whether the federal statute of limitations remained tolled during the period between a lower state court ruling and the time the petitioner filed the second "original" petition in the appellate court. The Court held that if California found the second petition to be filed in a timely fashion and thus meet the state's "reasonableness" standard, the federal statute would be tolled during the intervening period because the state court petition remained "pending." Id. at 222-23, 225, 122 S.Ct. 2134. The Court concluded that to hold otherwise would contravene the policies of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA)'s changes in federal habeas procedures:

The exhaustion requirement serves AEDPA's goal of promoting "comity, finality, and federalism," by giving state courts "the first opportunity to review [the] claim," and to "correct" any "constitutional violation in the first instance." And AEDPA's limitations period-with its accompanying tolling provision-ensures the achievement of this goal because it "promotes the exhaustion of state remedies while respecting the interest in the finality of state court judgments." California's interpretation violates these principles by encouraging state prisoners to file federal habeas...