Dachs v. Hendrix

• Citation: 354 S.W.3d 95,2009 Ark. 542
• Decision Date: 05 November 2009
• Docket Number: No. 08–1191.,08–1191.
• Parties: Joy Danielle DACHS and Joshua Allen Dachs, Individually; and Joy Danielle Dachs, as Special Representative of the Estate of Elizabeth Anne Dachs, Deceased, Appellants, v. Barry D. HENDRIX, MD; Family Practice Clinic; Hendrix Medical Services, PLLC; Paragould Physicians Management, LLC; Rebecca Fisher, LPN; Cynthia A. Bartholomew, RN; Arkansas Methodist Hospital Corporation d/b/a Arkansas Methodist Hospital, and d/b/a Arkansas Methodist Medical Center; and Continental Casualty Company, Appellees.
• Court: Supreme Court of Arkansas

2009 Ark. 542

354 S.W.3d 95

Joy Danielle DACHS and Joshua Allen Dachs, Individually; and Joy Danielle Dachs, as Special Representative of the Estate of Elizabeth Anne Dachs, Deceased, Appellants,

v.Barry D. HENDRIX, MD; Family Practice Clinic; Hendrix Medical Services, PLLC; Paragould Physicians Management, LLC; Rebecca Fisher, LPN; Cynthia A. Bartholomew, RN; Arkansas Methodist Hospital Corporation d/b/a Arkansas Methodist Hospital, and d/b/a Arkansas Methodist Medical Center; and Continental Casualty Company, Appellees.

No. 08–1191.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Nov. 5, 2009.

Brian G. Brooks, Attorney at Law, PLLC, by: Brian G. Brooks, Greenbriar, for appellants.

Friday, Eldredge & Clark, LLP, by: Laura Hensley Smith, John Adam Wells, Little Rock, for appellees Barry D. Hendrix, M.D.; Family Practice Clinic; Hendrix Medical Services, PLLC; and Paragould Physicians Management, LLC.

Womack, Landis, Phelps & McNeill, Jonesboro, by: Paul McNeill and Jeff Scriber Jonesboro, for appellees Rebecca Fisher, L.P.N.; Cynthia A. Bartholomew, R.N.; Arkansas Methodist Hospital Corporation; and Continental Casualty Company.DONALD L. CORBIN, Justice.

Appellants, Joy Danielle Dachs, individually and as special representative of the estate of Elizabeth Anne Dachs, deceased, and Joshua Allen Dachs, individually, appeal the order of the Greene County Circuit Court granting summary judgment to Appellees, Barry D. Hendrix, MD; Family Practice Clinic; Hendrix Medical Services, PLLC; Paragould Physicians Management, LLC (collectively, “the physician defendants”); and Rebecca Fisher, LPN; Cynthia A. Bartholomew, RN; Arkansas Methodist Hospital Corporation d/b/a/ Arkansas Methodist Hospital, and d/b/a Arkansas Methodist Medical Center; and Continental Casualty Company (collectively, “the hospital defendants”). The circuit court granted summary judgment on the basis that the limitations period had passed. For reversal, Appellants first contend that the minority tolling provision of the Arkansas Medical Malpractice Act tolled the limitations period; and second, that the original complaint was not a nullity, therefore the amended complaint could relate back to it. We granted review of the court of appeals' decision in this case, Dachs v. Hendrix, 103 Ark.App. 184, 287 S.W.3d 627 (2008), but ordered rebriefing because of a deficient addendum. Dachs v. Hendrix, 2009 Ark. 322, 320 S.W.3d 645 (per curiam). That deficiency has been cured, and we now proceed to address the merits of this case. Jurisdiction is properly in this court pursuant to Ark.Sup.Ct. R. 1–2(b)(1) and (e)(iii). We affirm the order granting summary judgment.

We granted review of this case because Appellants' arguments present two issues of first impression: whether the death of a minor removes the protection of the minority tolling provision of the Arkansas Medical Malpractice Act, and whether an amended complaint asserting survival and wrongful-death claims that were time barred can relate back to a timely filed original complaint that alleged individual claims in addition to the survival and wrongful-death claims asserted by an improper party. When we grant a petition for review of a decision by the court of appeals, we consider the appeal as though it had originally been filed in this court. Skallerup v. City of Hot Springs, 2009 Ark. 276, 309 S.W.3d 196. The facts are not in dispute, therefore we need only determine whether Appellees were entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Swaim v. Stephens Prod. Co., 359 Ark. 190, 196 S.W.3d 5 (2004).

The original complaint in this case was filed on August 25, 2006, and was based upon the medical care and treatment rendered in connection with the stillbirth of Elizabeth Anne Dachs on September 1, 2004. The complaint named “Joy Danielle Dachs and Joshua Allen Dachs” as plaintiffs and, among others, asserted claims for wrongful death and survival. The complaint did not mention that Mrs. Dachs had been appointed special personal representative of the deceased's estate on November 3, 2004, or that she was acting in that capacity as a plaintiff. However, Mr. and Mrs. Dachs amended their complaint on March 16, 2007, to add as party plaintiff Mrs. Dachs in her capacity as special personal representative of the deceased's estate.

The hospital defendants and the physician defendants filed motions for summary judgment on the basis that the claims were now barred by the two-year statute of limitations because the Dachses lacked standing to bring the claims alleged in the original complaint. The Dachses responded that the original complaint included claims for injuries and harm to Mr. and Mrs. Dachs as individuals in addition to the wrongful-death and survival claims. Because their individual claims were timely filed, continued the response, the original complaint was not a nullity and the amended complaint could relate back to it. In addition, the Dachses claimed the limitations period had not yet expired because their claims came under the protection of the minority tolling provision found in the Arkansas Medical Malpractice Act at Ark.Code Ann. § 16–114–203(c) (Repl.2006).

The circuit court held a hearing on the motions and ruled from the bench that it was granting summary judgment. In its written order, the circuit court found that the two-year statute of limitations for medical malpractice applied to this case. The circuit court also found that the Dachses in their individual capacities did not have standing to bring the survival or wrongful-death claims in the original complaint because Mrs. Dachs had already been appointed personal representative when the original complaint was filed. Therefore, the circuit court found that the claims for survival and wrongful death were not properly commenced in the original complaint. The circuit court also found that the wrongful-death and survival claims of the amended complaint could not relate back to the original complaint and were barred by the statute of limitations, and that the minority tolling provision, section 16–114–203(c), did not apply. The circuit court therefore granted summary judgment on all claims brought on behalf of the deceased's estate. In addition, the circuit court's order dismissed with prejudice the individual claims of Mr. Dachs for failure to state facts upon which relief could be granted, but allowed Mrs. Dachs's individual claims to remain. Finally, the circuit court certified that its order was final and appealable in compliance with Ark. R. Civ. P. 54(b).

As their first point for reversal of the summary judgment, Appellants contend that the limitations period has not yet expired on their claims because of the minority tolling provision of the Arkansas Medical Malpractice Act. Specifically, Appellants contend that according to the unique wording and legislative history of the minority tolling provision, section 16–114–203(c), the statute of limitations does not expire on their claims for wrongful death and survival until eleven years after Elizabeth Dachs's birth.

A brief review of the history of the minority tolling provision is helpful to an understanding of Appellants' argument. However, we note at the outset, that a resort to legislative history is unnecessary to our resolution of this argument, given the plain meaning of the statute in question. The minority tolling provision began as part of Act 709 of 1979, which was then codified as Ark.Code Ann. § 16–114–203 (1987), and originally provided for a two-year statute of limitations on all medical malpractice claims, except that minors had until their nineteenth birthday to commence suit. In Raley v. Wagner, 346 Ark. 234, 57 S.W.3d 683 (2001), this court held that Act 709 was repealed and replaced by Act 997 of 1991. Act 997 provided as follows:

(c) Except as otherwise provided in the subsection (d) of this section, if at the time at which the cause of action for medical injuries occurring from obstetrical care shall or with reasonable diligence might have first been known or discovered, the person to whom such claim has accrued shall be nine (9) years of age or younger, then such minor or the person claiming through such minor may, notwithstanding that the period of time limited pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall have expired, commence action on such claim at any time within two (2) years next after the time at which the minor shall have reached his ninth birthday, or shall have died, whichever shall have first occurred.

(d) If, at the time at which the cause of action for medical injuries occurring from obstetrical care shall or with reasonable diligence might have been first known or discovered, the person to whom such claim has accrued shall be a minor without a parent or legal guardian, then such minor or the person claiming through such minor may, notwithstanding that the period of time limited pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall have expired, commence action on such claim at any time within two (2) years next after the time at which the minor shall have a parent or legal guardian or shall have died, whichever shall have first occurred; provided, however, that in no event shall the period of limitation begin to run prior to such minor's ninth birthday unless such minor shall have died.

(Emphasis added.)

This court observed in Raley that while Acts 709 and 997 both provided an exception to the two-year statute of limitations for specified minors, the savings statute giving all minors with medical malpractice claims until their nineteenth birthday to commence suit was not included in 1991 Ark. Acts 997. Rather, 1991 Ark. Acts 997 replaced 1979 Ark. Acts 709's “exception with a narrow, specific exception for minors with medical malpractice claims for medical injuries occurring from obstetrical care.” Raley, 346 Ark. at 240, 57 S.W.3d at 686.

Continuing with our review of the legislative history, we observe that subsequent amendments to the minority tolling...