Dade Erection Service, Inc. v. Sims Crane Service, Inc.

• Decision Date: 30 January 1980
• Docket Number: No. 78-2303,78-2303
• Citation: 379 So.2d 423
• Parties: DADE ERECTION SERVICE, INC., a Florida Corporation, Appellant, v. SIMS CRANE SERVICE, INC., a Florida Corporation, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 423

379 So.2d 423

DADE ERECTION SERVICE, INC., a Florida Corporation, Appellant, v. SIMS CRANE SERVICE, INC., a Florida Corporation, Appellee.

No. 78-2303.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District.

Jan. 30, 1980.

Miguel A. Orta of Ress, Gomez, Rosenberg & Howland, North Miami, for appellant.

David M. George of Gatlin & George, Tampa, for appellee.

DANAHY, Judge.

Dade Erection Service appeals an order denying its motion to set aside a default judgment which had been entered for failure to file an answer or other response to a complaint filed by appellee. ¹ Appellant contends that the default judgment should have been set aside because service of process had not been perfected pursuant to Section 48.081, Florida Statutes (1977). ² We agree and reverse.

After the complaint was filed, summons was issued directing the sheriff to serve it together with a copy of the complaint on Jorge Morejon, appellant's secretary/treasurer and resident agent; in his absence Manuel Lopez, a director, was to be served; and in the absence of both of these two, service was to be made on any other officer, director, or business agent of appellant. The summons further instructed that service be made at the corporation's address, which also happened to be the address of the private residence of the Morejon and Lopez families.

The form used by the sheriff for return of service shows that "Corporate Service" was not made. ³ Instead, the return form was marked in the space entitled "Other Returns" and contained a hand written notation that at 8:22 a. m. on June 15, 1978, the deputy sheriff "served Dade Erection Service, Inc., by serving Mrs. Jorge Morejon, authorized to accept service."

A default was entered on July 7, and the court granted appellee's motion for a final judgment on July 13. Claiming that service of process had not been made in accordance with Section 48.081(1), appellant moved the court to vacate the default on July 28. The depositions of Mrs. Manuel Lopez, Mrs. Morejon, and the deputy who filed the return were considered by the trial court when it held a hearing on the motion by telephonic means and entered its order denying the motion on November 27, 1978.

There is considerable conflict in their testimony. A summary of the deputy's testimony indicates he was met at the door of the house by Mrs. Lopez and Mrs. Morejon, who informed him that their husbands were not at home and that they generally left early and returned late. Mrs. Morejon stated to him that the company was owned by her and her husband; that she was authorized to accept service; and that she had accepted service for him in the past. We are not told whether such previous suits were against him personally or against the corporation. She did not indicate, nor did the deputy attempt to ascertain, if she held any office or position in the corporation described in Section 48.081. His return of no corporate service indicates he did not serve her in any capacity described in that statute. He did not inquire whether she was an employee of the corporation, and there is no indication he considered her an employee. Following this conversation at the door, the deputy served the papers on Mrs. Morejon and filed the return described above. The deputy had no recollection of having served Mrs. Lopez. ⁴

Appellant's contention that the appellee failed to perfect service of process on it as required by Section 48.081 and two of the points raised by appellee to counter that argument merit discussion. Appellee does not argue that Mrs. Morejon was an officer or director of the corporation, but contends that she was properly served as its "business agent." Alternatively, appellee asserts that the corporation failed to comply with the requirements of Section 48.091, thereby implying that the deputy was authorized to effect constructive service on the corporation under the circumstances of this case by leaving the papers with Mrs. Morejon.

Because it is a fictional entity, strictly speaking there can be no personal service on a corporation. Service can only be made on some representative or agent of the corporation designated by law. Clearwater Mercantile Company v. Roberts, Johnson, Rand Shoe Company, 51 Fla. 176, 40 So. 436 (1906); Country Clubs of Sarasota, Ltd. v. Zaun Equipment, Inc., 350 So.2d 539 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977). Sections 48.081 and 48.091 provide the exclusive means of effecting service of process on an active corporation, ⁵ and these provisions must be strictly construed. Drew Lumber Company v. Walter, 45 Fla. 252, 34 So. 244 (1903); Ludlum Enterprises, Inc. v. Outdoor Media, Inc., 250 So.2d 649 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971). Strict compliance with Section 48.081 requires that a return which shows service upon an inferior officer or agent must demonstrate that all members of a superior class could not first be served. This is a condition precedent to the validity of service upon a member of an inferior class. Ludlum Enterprises, Inc. v. Outdoor Media, Inc., supra, citing Largay Enterprises, Inc. v. Berman, 61 So.2d 366 (Fla.1952).

The necessity for and desirability of such a stringent requirement was discussed in Imperial Towers, Inc. v. Dade Home Services, Inc., 199 So.2d 518 (Fla. 4th DCA 1967), when our sister court approved the following statement set forth in National Organization Masters, Mates and Pilots v. Banks, 196 F.2d 428 (5th Cir. 1952):

The obvious purpose of this statute is to have the service made upon one who is held responsible by the corporation . . . . This objective is based on good sense and sound reason. For example, . . . unless the plaintiff is compelled to serve the officers and agents holding the more responsible positions, when it is possible to do so, plaintiffs will serve those with less responsibility in the hope that the information will not be transmitted to the proper corporate officers, thus resulting in a default judgment.

196 F.2d at 430.

The foregoing principles are distilled from cases which are, for the most part, factually distinguishable from the case at bar. Appellant contends, however, that Ludlum Enterprises is on point and compels reversal. In that case, service on the defendant-corporation was effected by serving a copy on a desk clerk, an "agent" of the corporation, at the corporation's hotel. The clerk then delivered it to the president of the corporation. Thus, the corporation had in fact received notice of the suit. ⁶ The plaintiff there argued that the intended result of the statute was accomplished when the appropriate officer eventually learned of the suit. The court responded that that was not the purpose of the statute; the purpose was, "to Insure notice as high on the corporation hierarchy as possible. Relying on a desk clerk's relay of service does not reach the degree of insurance and efficiency which is normally expected in the legal process." 250 So.2d at 650. ⁷

That case is distinguishable from the instant case in a crucial respect. There, the serving officer made no attempt to serve the officers and directors in the order listed in the predecessor to Section 48.081(1) before serving the desk clerk, i. e., he had failed to establish the absence of a member of the superior class. The record in the instant case, however, makes clear that the deputy had ascertained the absence of Messrs. Morejon and Lopez from the corporate address before serving Mrs. Morejon. The question on which our decision turns, therefore, is whether Mrs. Morejon was one of the persons authorized to accept service and bind the corporation, i. e., whether she was a member of an inferior class as defined in the statute.

Mrs. Morejon was not a business agent of the corporation as contemplated by Section 48.081(1)(d). We have defined that term in a similar...