Dalal v. City of New York

• Decision Date: 28 June 1999
• Parties: Krishna DALAL, appellant, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, defendant, Alicia Ramdhani-Mack, respondent.
• Court: New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division

Page 468

692 N.Y.S.2d 468

Krishna DALAL, appellant, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, defendant Alicia Ramdhani-Mack, respondent.

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.

June 28, 1999.

Nicholas I. Timko, P.C., New York, N.Y. (Stephen A. Hoffman of counsel), for appellant.

Rivkin, Radler & Kremer, Uniondale, N.Y. (Evan H. Krinick and Stuart M. Bodoff of counsel), for respondent.

DAVID S. RITTER, J.P., DANIEL W. JOY, GLORIA GOLDSTEIN and ROBERT W. SCHMIDT, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY THE COURT.

In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, the plaintiff appeals from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Price, J.), dated May 28, 1998, which, upon a jury verdict finding, inter alia, that the defendant Alicia Ramdhani-Mack was not negligent, is in favor of that defendant and against him, dismissing the complaint.

ORDERED that the judgment is reversed, on the law, and a new trial is granted, with costs to abide the event.

The instant action arises out of an automobile accident that occurred at the intersection of Booth Street and 66th Avenue in Queens. The action against the defendant City of New York was discontinued prior to trial. At trial, the plaintiff testified that he stopped at the stop sign controlling traffic on 66th Avenue, and looked both ways for a distance of about one block, without seeing anything, before he proceeded into the intersection. When he was about halfway through the intersection, his vehicle was struck on the driver's side by a vehicle operated by Alicia Ramdhani-Mack (hereinafter the defendant). The plaintiff further testified that he never saw the defendant's car until impact. The defendant testified that she was about 10 to 15 feet away from the intersection when she noticed the plaintiff's vehicle, which was about 14 feet behind the stop sign but moving, and that about 5 to 7 seconds elapsed from the time that she observed the plaintiff's vehicle until the collision. She stated that she attempted to swerve out of the way, but could not avoid the collision. The defendant further testified that although she was nearsighted and required prescription glasses, she was not wearing her glasses at the time of the accident. She claimed she was still able to see while driving. There was no evidence that either driver was speeding. The jury returned a verdict finding that only the plaintiff was negligent, and that his negligence was the sole proximate cause of the accident.

The plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in refusing to charge that the defendant's violation of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 509(3) was negligence per se, and erred in refusing to allow him to cross-examine the defendant on that issue. Vehicle and Traffic Law § 509(3) provides that "no person shall operate any motor vehicle in violation of any restriction contained on his license". The defendant testified at her examination before trial that her New York State driver's license contained a restriction requiring her to wear corrective lenses while driving.

It is well established that an unexcused violation of a statutory standard of care, if unexplained, constitutes negligence per se (see, Martin v. Herzog, 228 N.Y. 164, 126 N.E. 814; Cordero v....