DELGADO-SOBALVARRO v. ATTORNEY Gen. of The USA.

• Decision Date: 02 November 2010
• Docket Number: No. 08-1679.,08-1679.
• Citation: 625 F.3d 782
• Parties: Angelica Maria DELGADO-SOBALVARRO, a/k/a, Angelica Rathof, a/k/a, Maria Rathof; Lillyeth Delgado-Carvajal, Petitioners v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF the UNITED STATES of America, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

625 F.3d 782

Angelica Maria DELGADO-SOBALVARRO, a/k/a, Angelica Rathof, a/k/a, Maria Rathof; Lillyeth Delgado-Carvajal, Petitioners

v.ATTORNEY GENERAL OF the UNITED STATES of America, Respondent.

No. 08-1679.

United States Court of Appeals,Third Circuit.

Argued July 13, 2009.

Opinion filed: Nov. 2, 2010.

Joseph C. Hohenstein, Esquire (Argued), Orlow, Kaplan & Hohenstein, Philadelphia, PA, Counsel for Petitioners.

Gregory G. Katsas, Esquire, Assistant Attorney General, John C. Cunningham, I, Esquire, Senior Litigation Counsel, Saul Greenstein, Esquire (Argued), Office of Immigration Litigation Civil Division, Jeffrey L. Menkin, Esquire, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., Counsel for Respondent.

Before: RENDELL, FUENTES and ROTH, Circuit Judges.

OPINION

ROTH, Circuit Judge:

I. Introduction

The issue in this case is whether an alien released on “conditional parole” under section 236 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) has been “paroled into the United States” so that she is statutorily eligible to adjust her status under INA § 245 to that of a lawfully admitted permanent resident. Angelica Maria Delgado-Sobalvarro and her daughter, Lillyeth Delgado-Carvajal, petition for review of the order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing their application for adjustment of status. The BIA concluded that the petitioners were not statutorily eligible for adjustment of status because they were not paroled into the United States. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm the decision of the BIA and deny the petition for review.

II. Background

Delgado-Sobalvarro and her daughter are natives of Nicaragua. They arrived in the United States on November 19, 2001, near Hidalgo, Texas. At that time, they were detained by immigration authorities and issued Notices to Appear, which charged them with removability pursuant to INA § 212(a)(6)(A)(i) for being present in the United States without having been admitted or paroled. Pending a decision on their removability, the petitioners were released on conditional parole on their own recognizance in accordance with INA § 236.

Removal proceedings commenced in 2002. On June 6, 2003, Delgado-Sobalvarro married United States citizen James Rathof. Rathof then filed I-130 immediate relative petitions for Delgado-Sobalvarro and her daughter. Rathof and Delgado-Sobalvarro subsequently had two children together.

On August 14, 2006, Immigration Judge Fredric G. Leeds issued an order concluding that the petitioners were statutorily ineligible to adjust their status because they pointed to “no binding authority establishing that conditional parole under INA § 236(a)(2)(B) is considered parole for adjustment of status purposes.” The IJ further ruled that, even accepting the petitioners' conditional parole argument, their failure to present valid entry documents still rendered them ineligible to adjust status. Additionally, because Delgado-Sobalvarro married Rathof during the pendency of her removal proceeding, the IJ concluded that she was ineligible to adjust status under INA § 245(e)(1). Nor could Delgado-Sobalvarro qualify for the exception provided by § 245(e)(3) for an alien who establishes by clear and convincing evidence that she married in good faith because she did not present any marriage documents. The IJ also denied the petitioners' request for a continuance in order that the I-130 immediate relative petition could be adjudicated. Accordingly, the IJ ordered the petitioners removed to Nicaragua.

Rather than appeal the IJ's decision, the petitioners filed a motion to reconsider. The petitioners argued that the IJ erred in holding that they were ineligible to adjust status and that Delgado-Sobalvarro failed to establish the bona fides of her marriage by clear and convincing evidence. On September 26, 2006, the IJ denied the petitioners' motion to reconsider, holding that petitioners insufficiently addressed his prior reasons for concluding that they were ineligible to adjust status. The IJ also confirmed his previous ruling that Delgado-Sobalvarro failed to establish the validity of her marriage under § 245(e)(3) and that she could not do so “by merely appearing in Court with a child and pregnant.” Finally, the IJ again denied the request for a continuance pending resolution of the I-130 petition filed by Rathof.

The petitioners appealed the IJ's decision to the BIA, arguing that (1) production of a hearing transcript was necessary to review the proceedings below, (2) the IJ erred in finding that conditional parole did not render them eligible to adjust status, (3) Delgado-Sobalvarro established the bona fides of her marriage, (4) the proceedings should have been continued to allow the I-130 immediate relative petition to be processed, and (5) the IJ prematurely denied their claims. On February 8, 2008, the BIA affirmed the IJ's orders and dismissed the appeal. First, the BIA found that the petitioners were not denied due process by not receiving hearing transcripts because, under the BIA's rules, such transcripts are not typically provided in appeals of motions to reconsider and the petitioners could not demonstrate prejudice. Second, the BIA agreed with the IJ that the petitioners were ineligible to adjust status because release on conditional parole “is not the type of ‘parole’ that would impact the [petitioners'] adjustment eligibility,” a finding that rendered moot the validity of the marriage and the continuance pending a decision on the I-130 petition. Finally, the BIA determined that the IJ's denial of the petitioners' claims was not untimely. The BIA therefore affirmed the IJ's orders.

On appeal, the petitioners concede that they are removable as charged. They contend, however, that their November 19, 2001, release on conditional parole pursuant to § 236 renders them eligible for an adjustment of status under § 245.

III. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review

[1] [2] We have jurisdiction over the petition pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a). We exercise plenary review over the BIA's determination that the petitioners are statutorily ineligible for adjustment of status. Pinho v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 193, 204 (3d Cir.2005). In so doing, we review the BIA's legal conclusions de novo, “including both pure questions of law and applications of law to undisputed facts.” Rranci v. Att'y Gen. of U.S., 540 F.3d 165, 171 (3d Cir.2008).

IV. Discussion

INA § 245 provides a mechanism whereby certain aliens present in the United States can adjust status to become lawful permanent residents. 8 U.S.C. § 1255(a). Section 245(a) states:

The status of an alien who was inspected and admitted or paroled into the United States ... may be adjusted by the Attorney General ... to that of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence if (1) the alien makes an application for such adjustment, (2) the alien is eligible to receive an immigrant visa and is admissible to the United States for permanent residence, and (3) an immigrant visa is immediately available to him at the time his application is filed.

Only if an alien has been “admitted or paroled into the United States” does she become eligible to adjust her status. In this case, however, the petitioners were released on “conditional parole;” they were not “admitted” within the meaning of § 245. Cf. Zheng v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 98, 117 (3d Cir.2005) (“Paroled aliens are not admitted to the United States.”). Therefore, the only question presented is whether the petitioners were “paroled into the United States.”

There are two separate INA provisions that authorize the parole of aliens. First, INA § 212(d)(5)(A) specifically refers to “parole into the United States” and provides:

The Attorney General may ... parole into the United States temporarily under such conditions as he may prescribe only on a case-by-case basis for urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit any alien applying for admission to the United States.

8 U.S.C. § 1182(d)(5)(A) (emphasis added). In contrast, INA § 236(a) refers to “conditional parole” and provides:

On a warrant issued by the Attorney General, an alien may be arrested and detained pending a decision on whether the alien is to be removed from the United States. Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section and pending such decision, the Attorney General-

(1) may continue to detain the arrested alien; and

(2) may release the alien on-

(A) bond of at least $1,500 with security approved by, and containing

conditions prescribed by, the Attorney General; or

(B) conditional parole; but

(3) may not provide the alien with work authorization (including an “employment authorized” endorsement or other appropriate work permit), unless the alien is lawfully admitted for permanent residence or otherwise would (without regard to removal proceedings) be provided such authorization.

8 U.S.C. § 1226(a) (emphasis added).

[3] The petitioners raise a question of first impression in this Circuit: does conditional parole under § 236 constitute parole into the United States for the purposes of adjustment of status under § 245? We conclude that it does not.

In In re Castillo-Padilla, the BIA determined that conditional parole under § 236 differs from parole under § 212 and, therefore, does not make an alien eligible to adjust status under § 245. 25 I. & N. Dec. 257, 258 (BIA 2010). There, a Mexican citizen was detained by immigration authorities for being present in the United States without having been admitted or paroled. He was released upon posting bond and argued that he received conditional parole under § 236(a)(2)(B), which made him eligible to adjust his status under § 245. On these substantially similar facts, the BIA concluded that “ ‘conditional parole’ under section 236(a)(2)(B) of the Act is a distinct and different procedure from ‘parole’ under section 212(d)(5)(A) and that the respondent is not eligible to adjust his status under section 245(...