DeLuge v. State

• Decision Date: 09 April 1998
• Docket Number: No. 97-951,97-951
• Citation: 710 So.2d 83
• Parties: 23 Fla. L. Weekly D937 Edward Charles DeLUGE, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 83

710 So.2d 83

23 Fla. L. Weekly D937

Edward Charles DeLUGE, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.

No. 97-951.

District Court of Appeal of Florida Fifth District.

April 9, 1998.

Rehearing Denied May 11, 1998.

James B. Gibson, Public Defender, and Brynn Newton, Assistant Public Defender, Daytona Beach, for Appellant.

Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Mary G. Jolley, Assistant Attorney General, Daytona Beach, for Appellee.

GRIFFIN, Chief Judge.

Appellant, Edward DeLuge, raises two issues on appeal of his conviction for battery and aggravated battery. We find the lower court erred in instructing the jury and reverse.

DeLuge contends that he is entitled to a new trial because of the failure to grant his request for an instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force. He argues that the question of whether he used "non-deadly" force should have been submitted to the jury based on his own testimony that he responded to the victim's attack on him with non-deadly force.

The state contends that the evidence shows that DeLuge made a series of "rapid" slashes with a razor blade on the arm, leg and neck of the victim. It asserts that this constitutes the use of "deadly force" as a matter of law, and that no instruction on the use of non-deadly force was warranted. Alternatively, the state asserts that error in failing to instruct the jury on non-deadly force was harmless error.

Under Florida law, a person is justified in using deadly force in self-defense only if he reasonably believes such force is necessary to protect one's self from imminent death or great bodily harm or to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony. § 776.012, Florida Statutes (1995). Non-deadly force may be used whenever and to the extent a person reasonably believes that the use of force is necessary to defend himself or another against such imminent use of unlawful force. Id. ¹

"Deadly force" is defined by statute as force likely to cause death or great bodily harm. § 776.06, Fla. Stat. (1995). Thus, a defendant is engaged in the use of deadly force "where the natural, probable and foreseeable consequences of the defendant's acts are death." Garramone v. State, 636 So.2d 869, 871 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994). The proper focus is on the nature of the force used by the defendant. Id. Thus, even a deadly weapon, such as a knife, can be used without deadly force. See Howard v. State, 698 So.2d 923 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). ² If the type of force used is clearly deadly or non-deadly as a matter of law, only the applicable instruction should be given. Stewart v. State, 672 So.2d 865 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996). Otherwise, the question of whether the force used by a defendant was "deadly" or "non-deadly" should be submitted to the jury. Id.

In this case, there is evidence that DeLuge made a single slashing motion with a razor blade towards the victim's hand after the victim had attempted to stab him with a knife, and then DeLuge wrestled with her in an attempt to get her to drop the knife. This use of force, if believed by a jury, does not amount to the use of deadly force as a matter of law, such that the natural, probable and foreseeable consequences of DeLuge's act of swinging the razor blade was death. Accordingly, he was entitled to an instruction on the use of non-deadly force. See, e.g., Curington v. State, 704 So.2d 1137 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998); Howard v. State, 698 So.2d 923. Although the state offered substantial evidence to contradict the version told by DeLuge, he was entitled to an instruction where there was evidence to support...