DeMaris v. Van Leeuwen

• Decision Date: 26 May 1933
• Citation: 283 Mass. 169,186 N.E. 69
• Parties: DEMARIS v. VAN LEEUWEN.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

283 Mass. 169

186 N.E. 69

DEMARIS

v.VAN LEEUWEN.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Norfolk.

May 26, 1933.

Report from District Court of Western Norfolk; G. F. James, Judge.

Action by Henry Demaris against Matthew J. Van Leeuwen. Judgment in favor of plaintiff. From an order dismissing a report, defendant appeals.

Affirmed.

B. Bachner, of Franklin, for plaintiff.

H. L. Metcalf, of Franklin, and A. T. Handverger, of Boston, for defendant.

LUMMUS, Justice.

The plaintiff was a laborer employed by the defendant in his business of planting and caring for trees and shrubs. For about ten days prior to May 2, 1931, the plaintiff worked at various jobs for the defendant, but had no experience in cutting trees or limbs. On that day he was helping to detach a limb from a tree in front of the premises of a third person who had hired the defendant to to the job. The limb was about ten feet from the ground, was eleven feet long, and weighed about two hundred and fifty pounds. The defendant's foreman, with a rope twenty-five feet long, attached a ‘timber hitch’ to the limb about three or four feet from the small end, threw the rope over another limb about two and one-half feet higher at a crotch in the higher limb which was about nine feet away from the ‘timber hitch’ and about twelve and one-half feet from the ground, and then directed the plaintiff, who was on the ground, about two and one-half feet away from the trunk of the tree, to hold the loose end of the rope. The foreman then sawed off the limb, which fell violently, embedded its large end in the turf for about six inches, toppled over, struck the plaintiff, and injured him.

The declaration is in four counts. The trial judge ruled that the plaintiff could not recover under the first count, which apparently was brought under the Employers' Liability Act, G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 153. Probably that ruling was based upon the ground that the foreman was not one whose ‘sole or principal duty was that of superintendence,’ and who at the time was ‘intrusted with and exercising superintendence.’ Moses v. Sprague-Nugent Co., 219 Mass. 144, 106 N. E. 562, 563. The second count was at common law for failure to furnish safe appliances and implements. The third and fourth counts as we construe them, alleged the negligence of a fellow servant. Each count contained the allegation that the defendant was not a subscriber under the Workmen's Compensation Act, and the parties have argued the case upon the footing that that allegation is true. Consequently, the defences of contributory negligence and voluntary assumption of risk, as well as the fellow servant rule, are not open. G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, § 66. Sylvain v. Boston & Maine Railroad, 280 Mass. 503, 182 N. E. 835. The defendant requested rulings as to each of the last three counts, that the plaintiff could not recover on that count. The judge denied these requests, and found for the plaintiff. The denial of these requests raises all the points argued, and other requests need not be discussed.

The cause of the injury is in dispute. There was testimony that the rope was too small and weak; but it did not break, and there is no evidence that it stretched. There was evidence that a longer rope, thrown over a still higher limb and snubbed around another tree, should have been used. The defendant contended that the injury resulted because the plaintiff failed to hold the end of the rope and permitted the limb to fall; but it is plain from the length of the limb and of the rope from the ‘timber hitch’ to the crotch, that merely holding the rope would not have prevented the limb from falling violently. If, as was testified, the ‘timber hitch’ slipped somewhat, that tended to increase the freedom of the limb in its fall. Altogether, it could be found that the situation when the foreman cut off the limb was one in which harm was likely, and he, as a reasonably and presumably experienced man, ought to have realized the danger. See Bernabeo v. Kaulbeck, 226 Mass. 128, 115 N. E. 279;Lyons v. Sommer, 274 Mass. 234, 174 N. E. 927. We think that there was evidence warranting a finding as to each count that the injury was caused by the sort of negligence described therein, and we need not consider whether the general finding for the plaintiff could have stood had one count been unsupported by evidence. See Hagar v. Norton, 188 Mass. 47, 51, 73 N. E. 1073;Gates v. Boston & Maine...