Deschaine v. Deschaine

• Decision Date: 14 April 1958
• Citation: 153 Me. 401,140 A.2d 746
• Parties: Agnes DESCHAINE v. Leonard P. DESCHAINE.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

Page 746

140 A.2d 746

153 Me. 401

Agnes DESCHAINE v. Leonard P. DESCHAINE.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

April 14, 1958.

Jerome G. Daviau, Waterville, for plaintiff.

Robinson, Richardson & Leddy, Portland, for defendant.

Before WILLIAMSON, C. J., and WEBBER, TAPLEY, and SULLIVAN JJ.

WILLIAMSON, Chief Justice.

This is an action by a mother against her son for personal injuries arising from an automobile accident. The mother was a passenger in a car driven by the son. The jury found for the defendant. The case is before us on a motion for new trial on the ground that liability insurance was improperly introduced into the case by defendant's counsel in his argument to the jury.

A motion for new trial on the usual grounds understandably was not argued by the plaintiff and is considered abandoned. Apart from issues arising from defendant's argument, the case presented a typical jury question.

The defendant was proceeding in traffic on a main highway behind the Plouff car. The road was slippery and it was raining or sleeting. Liability turned on whether defendant was negligent in failing to stop his car in time to avoid striking the rear of the Plouff car. The defendant testified in substance that Plouff started to pass a car ahead and suddenly turned back into the defendant's lane. This fact did not appear in statements by the defendant shortly after the accident to the investigating police officer.

It is sufficient to say the evidence was conflicting, and the issue of whether the defendant acted as a reasonably prudent person under the circumstances was for the jury to decide. The case ended with the verdict for the defendant unless the special ground of error requires a new trial.

Insurance appeared in the case no less than three times. First, on cross-examination by plaintiff's counsel, the defendant testified he did not tell the police officer about the Plouff car attempting to pass a car ahead. The record reads:

'Q. Did you tell anybody else? A. I told my insuring man.

'Q. Now, did you----

'Mr. Leddy: (Counsel for defendant Just a minute. Your Honor--Bench Conference followed by Conference in Chambers) (Defendant's counsel addressed to the Court: A motion for a mistrial. Motion denied. Exception noted for Defendant.)

'The Court: I will instruct the jury now and shall instruct them later that you will disregard entirely the statement made by the last witness, who is the defendant, himself. You will disregard his last statement.'

Second, in argument defendant's counsel said, to adopt his recollection, 'This defendant has nothing to lose, no matter which way this case goes * * *' Plaintiff's counsel objected and at his request a record was made of the remainder of the argument. He made, however, no request for any action by the Court, nor did he make a motion for mistrial.

At a later hearing to establish the facts surrounding the incident, defendant's counsel said:

'It is my recollection that during the course of my argument to the jury in this case, I had been talking to the jury along the lines of their right to appraise a witness, the witness' testimony, with respect to that witness' interest in the outcome of a case. That part of my argument, which is allegedly offensive, followed this general subject, and I also said, after saying in effect that part which is claimed to be offensive, 'I think you know what I mean.''

In argument before us counsel for the defendant, with commendable candor, stated that he meant insurance. Third, the presiding Justice, with great care, and with the complete approval of counsel for both parties, instructed the jury in his charge to disregard insurance. The Justice said, in part:

'Agnes Deschaine is not suing any insurance company. She is suing her son, Leonard Deschaine. Whether or not he has any insurance means absolutely nothing. Again I say to you that I am reposing my confidence in you because I know you are men and women of sound judgment and that you will decide this case between Agnes Deschaine and Leonard Deschaine purely and simply upon the evidence you have heard in this case and upon nothing else.'

We have then before us a run-of-the-mill accident case with the unusual feature of insurance brought into the case in defendant's argument. The rule governing exclusion of insurance is plain. Insurance has no bearing on the issues in a negligence action and is prejudicial. Whether the fact enters the case through witnesses on examination by counsel for either side, or in argument, and whether it is introduced purposely and wilfully or inadvertently, is of no great importance if the evil to be prevented is present. The rule of exclusion is equally applicable to plaintiff and defendant.

'It (evidence of insurance) is evidence entirely irrelevant to the issues in this case, and there is as much impropriety in its introduction by a defendant as by a plaintiff.' Skillin v. Skillin, 130 Me. 223, 225, 154 A. 570, 571.

In Albison v. Robbins & White, Inc., 151 Me. 114, 116 A.2d 608, a blasting case, we recently reaffirmed the rule. There the plaintiff sought unsuccessfully to introduce statements by the defendant's superintendent,

'* * * to the effect that the defendant was covered by liability insurance and that there was no cause for worry on the part of the plaintiffs and that he (the superintendent) would continue to use the same charges, because the insurance company would pay for any damage caused by the explosions.'

We said, 151 Me. at page 124, 116 A.2d at page 613:

'The Maine Court, however, has several times considered the admissibility of similar evidence and has uniformly held that statements relative to the fact that the defendant was protected by liability insurance were not proper. See reasons stated in Sawyer v. J. M. Arnold Shoe Company, 90 Me. 369, 38 A. 333; Ritchie v. Perry, 129 Me. 440, 152 A. 621; Skillin v. Skillin, 130 Me. 223, 154 A. 570.'

Other illustrative cases are: Beaudoin v. W. F. Mahaney, Inc., 131 Me. 118, 159 A. 567; Beaulieu v. Tremblay, 130 Me. 51, 153 A. 353; Trumpfeller v. Crandall, 130 Me. 279, 155 A. 646; Poland v. Dunbar, 130 Me. 447, 157 A. 381; Goodie v. Price, 125 Me. 36, 130 A. 512; McCann v. Twitchell, 116 Me. 490, 102 A. 740.

Defendant's counsel gained no right or privilege to bring insurance into his argument from the 'my insuring man' answer of defendant on cross-examination. No door was opened to the defendant or his counsel thereby. The evidence had been stricken from the record and the jury instructed to disregard it. The presiding Justice found no harm or prejudice in the incident sufficient to require removal of the case from the jury, otherwise he would have granted the motion for mistrial. Relief from the claimed error in denying the motion for mistrial was available to defendant only in this Court upon the exception to the ruling, and not by self-help in bringing insurance again into the case in argument or otherwise. In brief, the defendant gained no right on his part to inject insurance into the case from what had taken place prior to his argument.

The defendant's case is apparently based on the view that defendant may show his own interest in the outcome of the case...